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--- bib:viper [2008/05/03 22:07]
marchand
+++ bib:viper [2008/06/11 17:36]
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-  @inproceedings{szekely2007,
-   vgclass = {refpap},
-   vgproject = {viper},
-   author = { Eniko Szekely and {\'E}ric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-   title = {Clustered multidimensional scaling for exploration in information retrieval },
-   booktitle = { 1st International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR'07) },
-   address = {Budapest, Hungary},
-   pages = {95-104},
-   month = {October 18-20},
-   year = {2007},
-   url = {http://cvml.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/EnikoSzekely_ICTIR.pdf}
-  }
-  @inproceedings { morrison08-semantic,
-    vgclass = {refpap},
-    vgproject = {viper},
-    author = { Morrison, Donn and Marchand-Maillet, St\'ephane and Bruno, Eric },
-    title = { Semantic clustering of images using patterns of relevance feedback },
-    booktitle = { Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Content-based Multimedia Indexing},
-    note = { (accepted) },
-    address = { London, UK },
-    month = { June 18-20th },
-    year = { 2008 }
-  }
-  @inproceedings{Kludas2008,
-   vgclass = {refpap},
-   vgproject = {viper},
-   author = { Jana Kludas and Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand-Maillet },
-   title = { Study on Feature Interactions and its benefit for Information Fusion },
-   booktitle = { submitted at 16th European Signal Processing Conference  },
-   note = {(submitted)},
-   owner = {Kludas},
-   timestamp = {2008.03.03},
-   year = {2008}
-  }
-  @inproceedings{Kludas2008b,
-     vgclass = {refpap},
-     vgproject = {viper},
-     author = { Jana Kludas and Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand-Maillet },
-     title = { Efficient information fusion in high dimensional spaces by exploiting feature interactions },
-     booktitle = { submitted at 11th International Conference on Information Fusion  },
-     year = { 2008 },
-	  note = {(submitted)},
-	  owner = {Kludas},
-	  timestamp = {2008.03.03}
-  }
-  @inproceedings{Kludas2008c,
-   vgclass = {refpap},
-   vgproject = {viper},
-     author = { Jana Kludas and Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand-Maillet },
-     title = { Can Feature Information Interaction help for Information Fusion in Multimedia Problems? },
-     booktitle = { First International Workshop on Metadata Mining for Image Understanding},
-     location = {Funchal, Madeira},
-     pages = {23--33},
-     year = { 2008 },
-     url = {http://cvml.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2008/KludasBrunoMarchand_Madeira_2008.pdf}
-  }
-   @INPROCEEDINGS{BJanvier:MLMI2005,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and {\'E}ric Bruno and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Semantic segmentation of video collections using boosted random fields},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 second Workshop on Machine Learning and Multimodal
-		Interaction, {MLMI'05}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Edinburgh, UK},
-	  month = {July},
-	}
-  @MISC{VG:Laskowski06,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Michel Laskowski},
-	  title = {Optimising interaction in multimedia content description processes using structured knowledge},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {octobre},
-	  year = {2006}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Jordan06,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Patrick Jordan},
-	  title = {Long term usage of interaction log in content-based retrieval systems via LSI},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {septembre},
-	  year = {2006}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Strumiello05,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Olivier Strumiello},
-	  title = {VidaView : Interface optimale pour la visualisation multimodale de vidéo segmentée},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {juillet},
-	  year = {2005}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Heuberger04,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Joris Heuberger},
-	  title = {Descripteur sémantique pour l'indexation de vidéos: détection de visages (Face detection in video sequences)},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {décembre},
-	  year = {2004}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Campelo04,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Roberto Campelo},
-	  title = {Collection guiding},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {juillet},
-	  year = {2004}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Chekroun04,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Olivier Chekroun},
-	  title = {Partitionnement d'image robuste pour l'indexation par région (Robust image segmentation)},
-	  howpublished = {maîtrises thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {juillet},
-	  year = {2004}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Annen03,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Florian Annen},
-	  title = {GIFT: Mode'lisation et propositions d'évolution},
-	  howpublished = {diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {mars},
-	  year = {2003}
-  }
-  @MISC{VG:Jelmini02,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Carlo Jelmini},
-	  title = {DEVA: Un modèle d'annotation flexible pour les collections de documents visuels},
-	  howpublished = {diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {septembre},
-	  year = {2002}
-  }
-	@ARTICLE{VG:ORP1998,
-	  author = {Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital
-		image watermarking},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  volume = {66},
-	  pages = {303--317},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {3},
-	  month = {May},
-	  note = {(Special Issue on Copyright Protection and Control, B. Macq and I.
-		Pitas, eds.)},
-	  abstract = {A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image
-		which may be used for a number of different purposes including image
-		captioning and copyright protection. This paper describes how a combination
-		of spread spectrum encoding of the embedded message and transform-based
-		invariants can be used for digital image watermarking. In particular,
-		it is described how a Fourier-Mellin-based approach can be used to
-		construct watermarks which are designed to be unaffected by any combination
-		of rotation and scale transformations. In addition, a novel method
-		of CDMA spread spectrum encoding is introduced which allows one to
-		embed watermark messages of arbitrary length and which need only
-		a secret key for decoding. The paper also describes the usefulness
-		of Reed Solomon error-correcting codes in this scheme.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/ORuanaidhPun_sp98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/ORuanaidhPun_sp98.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ORP1997,
-	  author = {Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of ICIP 97, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  pages = {536--539},
-	  address = {Santa Barbara, CA},
-	  month = {October},
-	  abstract = {A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image
-		which may be used for Copyright Protection. This paper describes
-		how Fourier-Mellin transform-based invariants can be used for digital
-		image watermarking. The embedded marks are designed to be unaffected
-		by any combination of rotation, scale and translation transformations.
-		The original image is not required for extracting the embedded mark.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/ORuanaidhPun_icip97.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/ORuanaidhPun_icip97.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu:EUSIPCO2005:DIMOG,
-	  author = {Teodor Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Denoising with infinite mixture of Gaussians},
-	  booktitle = {Eusipco 2005, 13th. European Signal Processing Conference, Sept.
--8, Antalya, Turkey},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu:EUSIPCO2005:TGT,
-	  author = {Teodor Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The Gaussian transform},
-	  booktitle = {13th. European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Antalya, Turkey},
-	  month = {September 4--8}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:EUSIPCO2004,
-	  author = {Teodor Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Localization properties of an EEG sensor system: lower bounds and
-		optimality},
-	  booktitle = {EUSIPCO 2004, 12th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Vienna, Austria},
-	  month = {September 6-10},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/Alecu_Eusipco2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:ISBI04,
-	  author = {Teodor Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {EEG Cortical Imaging: A Vector Field Approach For Laplacian Denoising
-		And Missing Data Estimation},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to
-		Macro (ISBI'04)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Arlington, VA},
-	  month = {April, 15-18},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/Alecu2004__EEG_cortical_imaging_a_vector_field_approach.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:SPIE2004,
-	  author = {Teodor Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Regularized two-step brain activity reconstruction from spatio-temporal
-		EEG data},
-	  booktitle = {Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data III, SPIE International
-		Symposium on Optical Science and Technology},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Denver, Colorado, USA},
-	  month = {August 2-6},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/Alecu2004_SPIE.pdf}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{Alecu:PhD,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu},
-	  title = {Robust Focalized Brain Activity Reconstruction using ElectroEncephaloGrams},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/phdTeodorAlecu.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {bmi}
-	}
-	@MISC{Alecu:SIMILAR2004:ONLEIP,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu},
-	  title = {Overcoming noise limitations in the EEG Inverse Problem},
-	  howpublished = {EU NOE Similar Workshop},
-	  month = {November 8--9},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  note = {Sophia-Antipolis, France},
-	  address = {Sophia-Antipolis, France},
-	  booktitle = {EU NOE Similar Workshop}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{BMI:Oct0404,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu},
-	  title = {Local estimation with global priors},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {04.04},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/LeGlob.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{BMI:Nov0306,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu},
-	  title = {Inverse problem solutions and resolutions},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {03.06},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/SaRotIP.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu:SSP2005,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu and P. Missionnier and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
-		and P. Giannakopoulos and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Soft/hard focalization in the EEG inverse problem},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing {(SSP'05)}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {BMI},
-	  address = {Bordeaux, France},
-	  month = {July, 17-20},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/SoftFocalizationSSP.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Alecu:SP2005:GTD,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The Gaussian Transform of distributions: definition, computation
-		and application},
-	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {54},
-	  pages = {2976--2985},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  month = {August},
-	  note = {(accepted October 2005)},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/IEEE_GT_DIMG_c1.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu2:EUSIPCO2005,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Denoising with infinite mixture of Gaussians},
-	  booktitle = { {EUSIPCO} 2005, 13th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {BMI},
-	  address = {Antalya, Turkey},
-	  month = {September 4-8},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/EUSIPCO-DIMG.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu:AMI2004:RTBARSTED,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Regularized two-step brain activity reconstruction from spatio-temporal
-		EEG data},
-	  booktitle = {Joint AMI - PASCAL - (IM)2 - M4 Workshop on Multimodal Interaction
-		and related machine learning algorithms, Martigny, Switzerland, 21-23
-		June 2004},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Alecu:IM22003:LPESSEMS,
-	  author = {Teodor Iulian Alecu and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Localization properties of an EEG sensor system : electrode misplacement
-		sensitivity},
-	  booktitle = {NCCR (IM)2 Interactive Multimodal Information Management Workshop,
-		MartignyCrans-Montana, Switzerland, October 6-8, 2003},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ami2000,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {external},
-	  author = {Ludovic Amiguet},
-	  title = {Simulation Visuelle 3D Du Vieillissement Du Visage},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis (MSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {November},
-	  year = {2000}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Ansari-Asl:2007:EUSIPCO,
-	  author = {Karim Ansari-Asl and Guillaume Chanel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A channel selection method for EEG classification in emotion assessment
-		based on synchronization likelihood},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Poznan, Poland},
-	  month = {September 3--7},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@MISC{Ansari-Asl:2007:NOE,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Karim Ansari-Asl and Guillaume Chanel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A Channel selection method for EEG classification in emotion assessment
-		based on synchronization likelihood},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {June 4--5},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  note = {University of Magdeburg, Germany},
-	  address = {University of Magdeburg, Germany},
-	  booktitle = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:AHF1988,
-	  author = {R. D. Appel and D. F. Hochstrasser and M. Funk and C. Roch and Thierry
-		Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Automatic classification of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pictures
-		by heuristic clustering},
-	  booktitle = {Electrophoresis'88, Copenhagen, Denmark},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BNP1993,
-	  author = {C. Baur and E. Natonek and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: robotic apparatus for handling and testing
-		natural objects},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Fruit, Nut and
-		Vegetable Production Engineering, Valencia, Spain},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {1--8},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Beekhof:2008:eForensics,
-	  author = {Fokko Beekhof and Oleksiy Koval and Renato Vill\'{a}n and Sviatoslav
-		Voloshynovskiy and Emre Topak},
-	  title = {Document Forensics based on Steganographic Anti-Counterfeiting Markings
-		and Mobile Architectures},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of eForensics},
-	  year = {2008},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Beekhof:2007:SPIE-RPH,
-	  author = {Fokko Beekhof and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and
-		Renato Vill{\'a}n},
-	  title = {Secure Surface Identification Codes},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE},
-	  year = {2008},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Bob1988,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Anne Bobillier},
-	  title = {G\'en\'erateur de signaux bidimensionnels},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Bologna:2007:EJIVP,
-	  author = {Guido Bologna and Beno\^{i}t Deville and Thierry Pun and Michel Vinckenbosch},
-	  title = {Transforming 3D coloured pixels into musical instrument notes for
-		vision substitution applications},
-	  journal = {Eurasip Journal of Image and Video Processing, Special Issue: Image
-		and Video Processing for Disability},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  volume = {2007},
-	  pages = {14},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  note = {2007, Article ID 76204, 14 pages (Open access article)},
-	  doi = {doi:10.1155/2007/76204},
-	  url = {http://www.hindawi.com/GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/2007/76204}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Bologna:IWINAC2007:IMCPAEC,
-	  author = {Guido Bologna and Beno\^{i}t Deville and Thierry Pun and Michel Vinckenbosch},
-	  title = {Identifying major components of pictures by audio encoding of colors},
-	  booktitle = {IWINAC2007, 2nd. International Work-conference on the Interplay between
-		Natural and Artificial Computation, Murcia, Spain},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {seecolor},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@MISC{Bologna:SIMILAR2006:TCBVI,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {seecolor},
-	  author = {Guido Bologna and Beno\^{i}t Deville and Thierry Pun and Michel Vinckenbosch},
-	  title = {Touching colour when being visually impaired},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {June 8--9},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  note = {Heraklion, Greece},
-	  address = {Heraklion, Greece},
-	  booktitle = {Similar NoE Workshop}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BLM1997,
-	  author = {Holger Bosch and Abderrahim Labbi and Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Attentional modulation of firing patterns for spiking neurons},
-	  booktitle = {2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  address = {Research Triangle Park, North Carolina},
-	  month = {March},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/BoschLabbiMilanese_iccin97.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/BoschLabbiMilanese_iccin97.pdf}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Bos1993,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Active search for visual indexing in cluttered environments: from
-		relevance to delays (``Recherche active pour la reconnaissance primaire
-		d'objets: le concept des d\'elais'')},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2656},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {December},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Prof.~James L.~Crowley (LIFIA, Grenoble, FR), Dr.~Frank
-		Ade (ETH-Z\"urich, CH), Prof.~Christian Pellegrini (Geneva, CH),
-		Prof.~Thierry Pun (director, Geneva, CH)},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Bos1993a,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Temporal precedence in asynchronous visual indexing},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {93.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Bos1993b,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Temporal delays for visual indexing in cluttered environments},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {93.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Bos1991,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Discriminating agents for visual indexing},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 3rd SGAICO Meeting (Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence
-		and Cognitive Science), Biel-Bienne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {19--35},
-	  month = {October},
-	  note = {(published as: University of Bern, Institute for Comp. Science and
-		Mathematics, Technical Report IAM-91--004, H. Kaiser, R. Bach and
-		H. Bunke, Eds., March 1992)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Bos1990,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Parallel access to high-level knowledge in a computer vision system},
-	  booktitle = {SGAICO'90, Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive
-		Science, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:BBM1991,
-	  author = {J.-M. Bost and P.-Y. Burgi and R. Milanese},
-	  title = {{SGAICO} 91, Report on the conference},
-	  journal = {SI-Information, Bulletin of the Swiss Association for Computer Science},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  volume = {Proceedings of SGAICO},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BMP1993,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Temporal precedence in asynchronous visual indexing},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Analysis
-		of Images and Patterns (CAIP'93), Budapest, Hungary},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {D. Chetverikov and W. G. Kropatsch},
-	  number = {719},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {468--475},
-	  month = {September},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BMP1993a,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Transforming an image into a data-flow for visual indexing},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Image Analysis
-		and Processing, Capitolo, Monopoli, Italy},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {S. Impedovo},
-	  pages = {298--301},
-	  month = {September},
-	  publisher = {World Scientific}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BSP1993,
-	  author = {Jean-Marc Bost and Serguei Startchik and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Delaying as a key feature for visual indexing},
-	  booktitle = {Swiss Vision'93 (5th SGAICO Symposium + 2nd Swiss IAPR Symposium),
-		Z\"urich, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {27--36},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mar0303,
-	  author = {Tayeb Bouzerda and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {A flexible framework for the development of XML protocols: Applications
-		to MRML},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.03},
-	  address = {rue General Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Bri1991,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Claude Briffod},
-	  title = {Vision \`a la {G}rossberg ({S}imulation du mod\`ele monoculaire pr\'eattentif},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {1991}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:BrB1991,
-	  author = {C. Briffod and Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Vision \`a la {G}rossberg: simulation du mod\`ele monoculaire pr\'eattentif},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {91.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Bru1987,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Denis Brunet},
-	  title = {Conception et r\'ealisation d'un logiciel pour mod\'eliser et visualiser
-		des objets en trois dimensions par la m\'ethode du tra\c cage de
-		rayons},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1987}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BrP1993,
-	  author = {Denis Brunet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A modular architecture for asynchronous visual processing},
-	  booktitle = {Swiss Vision'93 (5th SGAICO Symposium + 2nd Swiss IAPR Symposium),
-		Z\"urich, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {37--44},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BrP1991,
-	  author = {Denis Brunet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Multisource and color lighting for detection of small protuberances},
-	  booktitle = {Optics, Illumination and Image Sensing for Machine Vision VI},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  volume = {1614},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {23--34},
-	  address = {Boston, USA},
-	  month = {November},
-	  note = {(SPIE Conference on Advances in Intelligent Robotic Systems)}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:BrP1991a,
-	  author = {Denis Brunet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: germs detection by shadows analysis and
-		controlled lighting},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {91.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {May}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Bruno2007,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Jana Kludas and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Combining Multimodal Preferences for Multimedia Information Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proc. of International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  address = {Augsburg, Germany},
-	  month = {September},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/mir2007-bruno.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BRUNO:CBMI03,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Nonlinear Temporal Modeling for Motion-based Video Overviewing},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia
-		Indexing, CBMI'03},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  address = {Rennes, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/bruno_cbmi03.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BRUNO:GRETSI03,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Pr{\'e}diction Temporelle de Descripteurs Visuels pour la Mesure
-		de Similarit{\'e} entre Vid{\'e}os},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the GRETSI'03},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  address = {Paris, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/bruno_gretsi03.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{bruno_amr05,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Learning User Queries in Multimodal Dissimilarity Spaces},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia
-		Retrieval, AMR'05 },
-	  year = {2005},
-	  address = {Glasgow, UK},
-	  month = {July},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/BrunoDissiSpaces.AMR05.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{bruno_mlmm05,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Interactive Video Retrieval based on Multimodal Dissimilarity Representation},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Machine Learning Techniques for Processing Multimedia
-		Content- ICML workshop, MLMM'05},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Bonn, Germany},
-	  month = {August},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/bruno_MLMM05.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Bruno,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Design of multimodal dissimilarity spaces for retrieval of multimedia
-		documents},
-	  journal = {To appear in IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/EricBrunoPAMI.2007.08.pdf},
-          year = {2008},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Bruno2006,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Asymmetric Learning and Dissimilarity Spaces for Content-based Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proc. of International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  pages = {330-339},
-	  address = {Tempe, AZ},
-	  month = {July},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/bruno_civr06.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{BrunoPAA05,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and Stephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Unsupervised Event Discrimination Based on Nonlinear Temporal Modelling
-		of Activity},
-	  journal = {Pattern Analysis and Application, special issue on Video Event Mining},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  note = {DOI: 10.1007/s10044-005-0242-9},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/BrunoEventDiscrimination.PAA.pdf},
-	  url1 =
-	{http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=b1cbf65840c14b68b90b05e5fe44bbdc\&referrer=parent\&backto=issue,2,11;journal,1,23;linkingpublicationresults,1:103609,1},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Bruno2004,
-	  author = {Eric Bruno and Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Unsupervised Event Discrimination Based on Nonlinear Temporal Modelling
-		of Activity},
-	  journal = {Pattern Analysis and Application},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  volume = {7},
-	  pages = {402-410},
-	  number = {4},
-	  month = {December},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/BrunoEventDiscrimination.PAA.pdf},
-	  url1 =
-	{http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=b1cbf65840c14b68b90b05e5fe44bbdc\&referrer=parent\&backto=issue,2,11;journal,1,23;linkingpublicationresults,1:103609,1},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@CONFERENCE{Bruno2002,
-	  author = {E. Bruno and D. Pellerin},
-	  title = {Video structuring, indexing and retrieval based on global motion
-		wavelet coefficients },
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Conference of Pattern Recognition (ICPR)},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  address = {Quebec City, Canada},
-	  month = {August},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/bruno_icpr.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@CONFERENCE{Bruno2002a,
-	  author = {E. Bruno and D. Pellerin},
-	  title = {Video shot detection based on temporal linear prediction of motion},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and
-		Exposition (ICME)},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  month = {August},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/bruno_icme.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PAAVBED01,
-	  author = {{\'E}ric Bruno and Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Unsupervised Event Discrimination Based on Nonlinear Temporal Modelling
-		of Activity},
-	  booktitle = {Pattern Analysis and Application {(PAA)}, special issue on Video
-		Based Event Detection, to appear},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Buc1987,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Markus Buchi},
-	  title = {Labo {I}mage: conception et r\'ealisation d'un logiciel de morphologie
-		math\'ematique binaire},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1987}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Bui1997,
-	  author = {J.-F. Buisson},
-	  title = {Environnement s\'ecuris\'e pour les watermarks},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva and
-		r3 Security Engineering},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {97.08},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Bur1991,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Figure-ground separation: evidence for asynchronous processing in
-		visual perception?},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 3rd SGAICO Meeting (Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence
-		and Cognitive Science), Biel-Bienne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {36--48},
-	  month = {October},
-	  note = {(published as: University of Bern, Institute for Comp. Science and
-		Mathematics, Technical Report IAM-91--004, H. Kaiser, R. Bach and
-		H. Bunke, Eds., March 1992)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Bur1992,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Active segmentation: a consequence of asynchrony in visual analysis},
-	  booktitle = {1st Swiss Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, Lausanne,
-		Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {75--83},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Bur1992a,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Analysis and understanding of neuronal structures},
-	  journal = {Neurocomputing},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  volume = {4},
-	  pages = {137--166},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Bur1992b,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Understanding the early human visual system through modeling and
-		temporal analysis of neuronal structures},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2536},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Prof.~Murat Kunt (EPF-Lausanne, CH), Dr.\ Simon Thorpe
-		(Neurosciences, Paris, FR), Prof.~Christian Pellegrini (Geneva, CH),
-		Prof.~Thierry Pun (director, Geneva, CH)},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:BuP1991,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Temporal analysis of contrast and geometric selectivity in early
-		human visual system},
-	  booktitle = {Channels in the Visual Nervous System: Neurophysiology, Psychophysics,
-		Models},
-	  publisher = {Freund},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  editor = {B. Blum},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:BuP1994,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asynchronous image analysis: using the relationship luminance-to-latency
-		to improve segmentation},
-	  journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America (A)},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  volume = {11},
-	  pages = {1720--1726},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {6},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:BuP1993,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asynchrony in image analysis: using the relationship luminance-to-response-latency
-		to improve segmentation},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {93.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BuP1991a,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Figure-ground separation: evidences for asynchronous processing in
-		visual perception?},
-	  booktitle = {Neural Networks for Vision and Image Processing, Boston, USA},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {May}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BuP1991b,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Figure-ground separation: evidences for asynchronous processing in
-		visual perception?},
-	  booktitle = {13th European Conference on Visual Perception, Vilnius, Lithuania},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BuP1990,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Temporal analysis and modeling of the visual circuitry},
-	  booktitle = {SGAICO'90, Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive
-		Science, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:BPP1989,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Temporal analysis and modeling of the visual circuitry},
-	  booktitle = {12th European Conference on Visual Perception, Jerusalem-Haifa, Israel},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {Also appears in: \emph{Perception}, 4(18)}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:BPP1989a,
-	  author = {Pierre-Yves Burgi and Thierry Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Temporal analysis and modeling of the visual circuitry},
-	  journal = {Perception},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  volume = {4},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {18}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Cha2001,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Nicolas Chabloz},
-	  title = {Cr\'eation D'un Client Pour Le Syst\`eme de Recherche D'images {\it
-		Viper}},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (BSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  url = {http://viper.unige.ch/demo.php}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Cha1992,
-	  author = {Lawrence Chachere},
-	  title = {A Knowledge-based approach for acquiring visual features},
-	  booktitle = {10th Nat. Conference on AI (AAAI-92), Workshop on constrained Learning
-		with Prior Knowledge, San-Jose, CA, USA},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {July},
-	  note = {(research summary)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Cha1992a,
-	  author = {Lawrence Chachere},
-	  title = {A knowledge-based learning approach for acquiring characteristic
-		visual features},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings SGAICO'92, Neuch\^atel, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:CGP1993,
-	  author = {Lawrence Chachere and Catherine De Garrini and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Extracting symbolic features defined by natural language for construction
-		of a visual object recognition knowledge base},
-	  booktitle = {Swiss Vision'93 (5th SGAICO Symposium + 2nd Swiss IAPR Symposium),
-		Z\"urich, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {131--136},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {(Talk prepared and presented by Thierry Pun)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ChP1993,
-	  author = {Lawrence Chachere and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Extracting a domain theory from natural language to construct a knowledge
-		base for visual recognition},
-	  booktitle = {AAAI Fall Symposium Series: Machine Learning in Computer Vision:
-		What, Why and How?, Raleigh, NC, USA},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {85--89},
-	  address = {Menlo-Park, CA},
-	  month = {October},
-	  publisher = {AAAI Press},
-	  note = {(TR FS-93--04)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Chanel:2007:SMC,
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Karim Ansari-Asl and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Valence-arousal evaluation using physiological signals in an emotion
-		recall paradigm},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE SMC and International Conference on Systems,
-		Man and Cybernetics, Smart cooperative systems and cybernetics: advancing
-		knowledge and security for humanity},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Montreal, Canada},
-	  month = {October 7--10},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@MISC{Chanel:HUMABIO:TEAPR,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Karim Ansari-Asl and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {From thoughts to emotions: emotional state assessment using physiological
-		recordings},
-	  howpublished = {HUMABIO EU Project Workshop,``Securing infrastructures and enhancing
-		safety in critical operations, Humabio physiological and behavioural
-		biometrics for unobtrusive authentication and monitoring''},
-	  month = {Feb 2},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  address = {Basel, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@MISC{Chanel:HUMAINE:PRPCS,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Julien Kronegg and Didier Grandjean and Teodor
-		Iulian Alecu and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Pattern recognition in peripheral and central signaling},
-	  howpublished = {Workshop on Multimodal synchronization in affective expressions,
-		Humaine European NOE 3rd Summer School and Affective Sciences NCCR},
-	  month = {Sept 22--24},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  note = {Genova, Italy (Invited long presentation)},
-	  address = {Genova, Italy}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Chanel:MRCS:EAAEEGPERI,
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Julien Kronegg and Didier Grandjean and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Emotion assessment: Arousal evaluation using EEG's and peripheral
-		physiological signals},
-	  booktitle = {Proc. Int. Workshop Multimedia Content Representation, Classification
-		and Security (MRCS), Special Session: Multimodal Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
-	  month = {Sept 11--13}
-	}
-	@MISC{Chanel:SIMILAR:EAPS,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Julien Kronegg and Didier Grandjean and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Emotion assessment using physiological signals},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {June 8--9},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  note = {Heraklion, Greece},
-	  address = {Heraklion, Greece}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{CHANEL.05.02,
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Julien Kronegg and Didier Grandjean and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Emotion Assessment: Arousal Evaluation Using EEG's and Peripheral
-		Physiological Signals},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  month = {December 15},
-	  abstract = {The arousal dimension of human emotions is assessed from two different
-		physiological sources: peripheral signals and electroencephalographic
-		(EEG) signals from the brain. A complete acquisition protocol is
-		presented to build a physiological emotional database for real participants.
-		Arousal assessment is then formulated as a classification problem,
-		with classes corresponding to 2 or 3 degrees of arousal. The performance
-		of 2 classifiers has been evaluated, on peripheral signals, on EEG's,
-		and on both. Results confirm the possibility of using EEG's to assess
-		the arousal component of emotion, and the interest of multimodal
-		fusion between EEG's and peripheral physiological signals.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/RAPPORT_TECH_05.02.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{Chanel:SIMILAR:EAPS2,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Guillaume Chanel and Julien Kronegg and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Emotion assessment using physiological signals},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {November 9--10},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  note = {Barcelona, Spain},
-	  address = {Barcelona, Spain}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Che1997,
-	  author = {Michel Cherbuliez},
-	  title = {Wavelet-Based Image Querying},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  number = {97.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {February}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Che1997a,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  author = {Michel Cherbuliez},
-	  title = {Content-based image querying},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  abstract = {In this document, we investigate the problem of performing content-based
-		image retrieval on a database containing several hundreds of images.
-		The goal is to facilitate the task of television broadcasters, and
-		specifically archivists, while looking for a piece of news or a documentary.
-		Currently, they perform a text-based query in a database, and then
-		visualize numerous video tapes to find the specific clip they were
-		looking for. Content-based search opens new horizons for performing
-		this task because it is faster and more user-friendly. We describe
-		two methods for content-based image retrieval. The first one is based
-		on the Haar wavelet decompositions of images, which has already been
-		used for image retrieval. We propose enhancements and optimizations
-		to get more accurate results. The second method is a novel one, and
-		exploits invariant properties of the Fourier-Mellin transform in
-		order to overcome some limitations of the wavelet-based method. We
-		finally compare both methods and discuss about the results we obtained.
-		We show that the results given by the Fourier-Mellin based method
-		are better suited for content-based image retrieval.},
-	  keywords = {Content based, image retrieval, data-mining, wavelet transforms, Fourier
-		transform, logarithmic polar transform}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Cro2001,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Rita Crotta},
-	  title = {Le D\'eveloppement D'outils de Recherche Dans Une Base de Donn\'ees
-		Multim\'edia},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis, CESID, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {2001}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:CD1999,
-	  author = {Gabriella Csurka and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Joseph J. K.
-		{{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A {B}ayesian approach to affine transformation resistant image and
-		video watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {International Workshop on Information Hiding},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {LNCS 1768},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {270--285},
-	  address = {Dresden, Germany},
-	  month = {29~September~--1~October},
-	  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
-	  abstract = {This paper proposes a new approach for assessing the presence of a
-		digital watermark in images and videos. This approach relies on a
-		Bayesian formulation that allows to compute the probability that
-		a watermark was generated using a given key. The watermarking itself
-		relies on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the image, of video
-		frames or of three dimensional chunks of video scene. Two kinds of
-		information are hidden in the digital data: a watermark and a template.
-		Both are encoded using an owner key to ensure the system security
-		and are embedded in the 2D or 3D DFT magnitude of the image or video.
-		The watermark is encoded in the form of a spread spectrum signal.
-		The template is a key based grid and is used to detect and invert
-		the effect of an affine geometric transformation (rotations, scaling
-		and/or aspect ratio change) or in the case of the video frame-rate
-		changes, aspect-ratio modification and rescaling of frames. It is
-		shown that, for the spread spectrum signal described in the paper,
-		it is possible to positively detect the presence of a watermark without
-		necessarily decoding it, given only the key used to generate it.
-		To do that, the Bayesian approach allows the deduction of the relative
-		log-probability of the presence of a watermark in an image given
-		only the key. All that is required for positive watermark verification
-		is the key. This approach also allows to infer the number of bits
-		contained in the watermark. The performance of the presented techniques
-		and the usefulness of the relative log-probability are shown through
-		various applications and experimental results.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/CsurkaDeguillaumeORuanaidhPun_wih99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/CsurkaDeguillaumeORuanaidhPun_wih99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:CDO1999,
-	  author = {Gabriella Csurka and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Joseph J. K.
-		{{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Tatouage d'images bas\'e sur la transform\'ee de Fourier discr\`ete},
-	  booktitle = {5\`emes Journ\'ees d'\'etudes et d'\'echanges ``Compression et Repr\'esentation
-		des Signaux Audiovisuels'' (CORESA 99)},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Sophia-Antipolis, Alpes-Maritimes, France},
-	  month = {14--15 juin},
-	  abstract = {Le tatouage d'images est un champ de recherche r\'ecent et tr\`es
-		prometteur, ayant pour but de d\'ecourager la copie et la distribution
-		illicite de mat\'eriel prot\'eg\'e, ainsi que la protection de la
-		propri\'et\'e intellectuelle des donn\'ees digitales. L'id\'ee de
-		base est d'ins\'erer une information sous la forme d'un filigrane
-		digital concernant le propri\'etaire de l'image, de m\^eme que des
-		instructions concernant son copyright. Il est important que d'un
-		c\^ot\'e l'extraction ou la suppression de cette information de l'image
-		soit difficile voire impossible, et d'un autre c\^ot\'e que la distorsion
-		introduite dans l'image par le filigrane soit minimale et invisible
-		\ldots},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/CsurkaDeguillaumeORuanaidhPun_coresa99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/CsurkaDeguillaumeORuanaidhPun_coresa99.pdf}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Deg2002,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume},
-	  title = {Hybrid robust watermarking and tamperproofing of visual media},
-	  school = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Deg1997,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume},
-	  title = {Segementation de films vid\'eos, et caract\'erisation des mouvements
-		de cam\'era},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  number = {97.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {February}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Deg1997a,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume},
-	  title = {Segmentation de Clips Vid\'eo et Caract\'erisation des Mouvements
-		de la Cam\'era},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1997}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DCO1999,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Gabriella Csurka and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh}
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robust {3D} {DFT} Video Watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {IS\&T/SPIE's 11th Annual Symposium, Electronic Imaging '99: Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Wah Wong, Ping and Edward J. Delp},
-	  volume = {3657},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {113--124},
-	  address = {San Jose, California USA},
-	  month = {23--29~January},
-	  note = {Paper EI 3657-13 (Program on Multimedia Processing and Applications)},
-	  abstract = {This paper proposes a new approach for digital watermarking and secure
-		copyright protection of videos, the principal aim being to discourage
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. The method
-		presented here is based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of
-		three dimensional chunks of video scene, in contrast with previous
-		works on video watermarking where each video frame was marked separately,
-		or where only intra-frame or motion compensation parameters were
-		marked in MPEG compressed videos. Two kinds of information are hidden
-		in the video: a watermark and a template. Both are encoded using
-		an owner key to ensure the system security and are embedded in the
-D DFT magnitude of video chunks. The watermark is a copyright information
-		encoded in the form of a spread spectrum signal. The template is
-		a key based grid and is used to detect and invert the effect of frame-rate
-		changes, aspect-ratio modification and rescaling of frames. The template
-		search and matching is performed in the log-log-log map of the 3D
-		DFT magnitude. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated
-		experimentally and compared with a frame-by-frame 2D DFT watermarking
-		approach.},
-	  keywords = {video watermarking, MPEG, 3D discrete Fourier transform, log-polar-log
-		and log-log-log mapping, spread spectrum},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/DeguillaumeCsurkaORuanaidhPun_eiswmc99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/DeguillaumeCsurkaORuanaidhPun_eiswmc99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DCP2000,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Gabriella Csurka and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Countermeasures for unintentional and intentional video watermarking
-		attacks},
-	  booktitle = {IS\&T/SPIE's 12th Annual Symposium, Electronic Imaging 2000: Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Content II},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Wah Wong, Ping and Edward J. Delp},
-	  volume = {3971},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {San Jose, California USA},
-	  month = {23--28~January},
-	  note = {(Paper EI 3971-33)},
-	  abstract = {The rapidly growing digital multimedia market has revealed an urgent
-		need for effective copyright protection mechanisms. Therefore, digital
-		audio, image and video watermarking has recently become a very active
-		area of research. Many important issues have been pointed out, one
-		of them being the robustness to non-intentional and intentional attacks.
-		This paper studies some attacks and proposes countermeasures applied
-		to videos. General attacks are lossy copying/transcoding (such as
-		MPEG compression and digital/analogic conversion), changes of frame-rate,
-		changes of display format, and geometrical distortions. More specific
-		attacks are sequence edition, and statistical attacks such as averaging
-		or collusion. Averaging attack consists of the local averaging of
-		consecutive frames in order to cancel the watermark. This attack
-		works well for schemes which embed random independent marks into
-		frames. In collusion attacks the watermark is first estimated by
-		averaging frames from different scenes, and is then substracted from
-		each frame. Collusion works well when the same mark was embedded
-		in all frames. The proposed countermeasure first ensures robustness
-		to general attacks by Spread Spectrum encoding of the watermark in
-		the frequency domain and by the use of an additional synchronization
-		template. Secondly, a Bayesian criterion which evaluates the probability
-		of a correctly decoded watermark, is used for the rejection the of
-		outliers, that is of incorrect watermarks. This Bayesian approach
-		also allows to resit to statistical attacks. The idea is to embed
-		randomly chosen marks among a finite set of marks, into subsequences
-		of videos which are long enough to resist averaging attacks, but
-		short enough to avoid collusion attacks. The Bayesian criterion is
-		needed to select the correct mark at the decoding step. Finally,
-		the paper presents experimental results showing the robustness of
-		the proposed method.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/DeguillaumeCsurkaPun_spie2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/DeguillaumeCsurkaPun_spie2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Deguillaume:2005:ICME05,
-	  author = {Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and Y. Rytsar and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Data-hiding based text document security and automatic processing},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Multimedia \& Expo (ICME) 2005},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
-	  month = {July 6-8},
-	  note = {submitted}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:DVPMP2001,
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby
-		Pereira and Maribel Madue{\~n}o and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Filigranage D'images Digitales},
-	  howpublished = {Bull. ASE/SEV},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  pages = {19-27},
-	  volume = {9}
-	}
-	@MISC{Deguillaume:2004:CVG,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Character and vector graphics watermark for structured electronic
-		documents security},
-	  howpublished = {US Patent Application 10/949,318},
-	  month = {September 27},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  note = {(pending)}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Deguillaume:2003:SHR,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Secure hybrid robust watermarking resistant against tampering and
-		copy-attack},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  volume = {83},
-	  pages = {2133--2170},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {10},
-	  month = {October},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/SP-SpecialSection2003_SecureHybridRobustWatermarking.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DVP2002b,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = { Method for the Estimation and Recovering from General Affine Transforms
-		in Digital Watermarking Applications},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2002, Security and Watermarking
-		of Multimedia Contents IV},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, CA, USA},
-	  month = {January 20-24},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/DeguillaumeVoloshynovskiyPun_SPIE2002.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/DeguillaumeVoloshynovskiyPun_SPIE2002.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:DVP2002c,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = { Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = { A method for hybrid robust watermarking and tamper proofing},
-	  howpublished = {US Patent Application},
-	  month = {filed June 2, 2002},
-	  year = {2002}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:DVP2002d,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = { Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {A method for the estimation and recovering of general affine transform},
-	  howpublished = {US Patent Application},
-	  month = {filed January 19, 2002},
-	  year = {2002}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DVP2002f,
-	  author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Hybrid robust watermarking resistant against copy attack},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Signal Processing Conference {(EUSIPCO2002)}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Toulouse, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/DeguillaumeVoloshynovskiyPun_EUSIPCO2002.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DSM1992,
-	  author = {J.-D. Dessimoz and P.-A. Sch{\"u}pbach and A. Mercier and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Do {I} need a robot or a non-robot automated system?},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 1992 IEEE/RSJ Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems,
-		Raleigh, North Carolina, USA},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {1161--1168},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:DSM1992a,
-	  author = {J.-D. Dessimoz and P.-A. Sch{\"u}pbach and A. Mercier and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Choosing a robot versus another automated system},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Robots, Barcelona,
-		Spain},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {661--666},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@MISC{Deville:2007:NOE,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Beno\^{i}t Deville and Guido Bologna and Michel Vinckenbosch and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Guiding the focus of attention of blind people using saliency},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {June 4--5},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  note = {University of Magdeburg, Germany},
-	  address = {University of Magdeburg, Germany},
-	  booktitle = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Dou1999,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Daniel Doubrovkine},
-	  title = {Rx cervicales, {S}yst\`eme d'analyse pour la radiologie cervicale
-		fonctionelle},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {March},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  note = {(En collaboration avec le Dr. Paul Cohen, chef de clinique adjoint
-		de la clinique de r\'e\'education de l'H\^opital Cantonal de Gen\`eve.)},
-	  abstract = {Dans leur travail quotidien avec des patients, des chirurgien et des
-		neurologues tr\`es sp\'ecialis\'es sont amen\'es \`a examiner des
-		centaines d'images radiographi\'ees et \`a d\'etecter des dizaines
-		d'anomalies telles que des d\'eplacements vert\'ebraux. Ce travail
-		minutieux n\'ecessite un professionnalisme sans \'egal et une concentration
-		extr\^eme. Les cas \'etudi\'es ne pr\'esentent que tr\`es rarement
-		des probl\`emes visibles \`a l'\oeil nu et des mesures particuli\`erement
-		pr\'ecises d\'ecident toujours d'un besoin d'intervention du m\'edecin.
-		Ainsi, les h\^opitaux utilisent des techniques d'avant-garde en mati\`ere
-		d'informatique et ont pouss\'e le d\'eveloppement de logiciels aidant
-		le m\'edecin dans son travail avec les patients. D\'esormais, le
-		domaine de l'imagerie m\'edicale et plus particuli\`erement celui
-		du traitement d'images radiographi\'ees propose un vaste champ d'application
-		pour des travaux de recherche. Dans le pr\'esent document nous nous
-		int\'eressons aux radiographies de patients en traitement \`a l'H\^opital
-		Cantonal Universitaire de Gen\`eve et plus particuli\`erement de
-		la Clinique de R\'e\'education. Nous pr\'esentons tout d'abord une
-		base logicielle pour des applications dans le domaine d'imagerie
-		m\'edicale suivie d'une automatisation de mesures sur les angles
-		intervert\'ebraux. De nombreux groupes de recherche se sont int\'eress\'es
-		aux coupes effectu\'ees par des scanners IRM et ont produit des logiciels
-		d'analyse pouss\'es. Les aspects comme la simulation en trois dimensions
-		et la m\'edecine \`a distance sont largement explor\'es. En revanche,
-		nous offrons une approche plus ax\'ee sur les mesures de distances
-		et d'angles. Ainsi, Rx-Cervicales, le logiciel d\'evelopp\'e dans
-		le cadre de ce travail offre principalement une base vectorielle
-		mais n'omet toutefois point l'aspect traitement d'images gr\^ace
-		\`a de nombreux filtres. Rx-Cervicales permet \'egalement de superposer
-		des images, d'en modifier la taille et d'effectuer des d\'eplacements
-		et des rotations libres. Par la suite, nous \'etudions ici la reconnaissance
-		de contours sur des calques de radiographies et permettons au m\'edecin
-		de mesurer des angles entre deux clich\'es de flexion et d'extension
-		de la colonne cervicale ou lombaire du m\^eme patient puis de comparer
-		ces r\'esultats avec des valeurs d'individus sains. Ainsi, des anomalies
-		peuvent \^etre d\'etect\'ees par l'ordinateur en quelques secondes.
-		Notons que notre produit est directement utilis\'e par la Clinique
-		de R\'e\'education de l'HCUG. En conclusion, soulignons que malgr\'e
-		le nombre important de groupes de recherche et d'institutions travaillant
-		dans ce domaine, il n'existe pas \`a notre connaissance, de logiciels
-		semblables \`a celui propos\'e dans le pr\'esent travail de recherche.
-		Donc, nous fournissons un outil, muni d'une premi\`ere application,
-		qui montre l'efficacit\'e de l'approche utilis\'ee et laisse entrevoir
-		de larges perspectives d'avenir.},
-	  url = {http://cui.unige.ch/~doubrov5/uni/license/},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/Doubrovkine_licence99.ps.gz},
-	  url2 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/Doubrovkine_licence99.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:DDP1992,
-	  author = {B. Dubrez and Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun and G. Cimasoni},
-	  title = {Comparison of photodensitometric with high-resolution digital analysis
-		of bone density from serial dental radiographs},
-	  journal = {Journal of Dentomaxilofacial Radiology},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  volume = {21},
-	  pages = {40--44},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {February}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:DJC1995,
-	  author = {B. Dubrez and S. Jacot-Descombes and G. Cimasoni},
-	  title = {Reliability of a paralleling instrument for dental radiographs},
-	  journal = {Journal of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  volume = {80},
-	  pages = {358--364},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {3},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Dur1992,
-	  author = {E. Durante},
-	  title = {La dynamique des r\'eseaux de neurones},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {93.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {(Diploma work, performed under the supervision of Pierre-Yves Burgi)}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Dur1992a,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ernesto Durante},
-	  title = {La dynamique des r\'eseaux de neurones},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {September},
-	  year = {1992}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Gar1995,
-	  author = {Catherine De Garrini},
-	  title = {Exploratory statistics for automated structuration of large image
-		databases},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  number = {95.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Gar1994,
-	  author = {Catherine De Garrini},
-	  title = {D\'etermination de la translation, de la rotation et du facteur d'echelle
-		d'un objet dans differents contextes},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.08},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/degarrin/94.10.report.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Gar1993,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Catherine De Garrini},
-	  title = {Qualification et reconstruction de formes g\'eom\'etriques simples},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1993}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:DeG1998,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  author = {Andr{\'e} De~Giacomi},
-	  title = {Structures d'indexation efficaces pour archivage / recherche dans
-		des bases de donn\'ees multim\'edia},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  note = {(Travail r\'ealis\'e au sein du groupe de Vision par ordinateur,
-		dans le cadre d'un dipl\^ome du CNAM, Conservatoire National des
-		Arts et M\'etiers, France)}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Gil1997,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil},
-	  title = {Robust object tracking in video sequences by integration of multiple
-		visual features},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2929},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {July},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Prof.~Murat Kunt (EPF-Lausanne, CH), Dr.\ Dieter Koller
-		(Caltech and Autodesk, USA), Prof.~Christian Pellegrini (Geneva,
-		CH), Prof.~Thierry Pun (director, Geneva, CH)},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Gil1994,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil},
-	  title = {D\'etection de mouvement dans une sc\`ene de trafic interurbain:
-		analyse des r\'esultats},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Gil1994a,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil},
-	  title = {Comptage de v\'ehicules pour trafic interurbain: une \'etude pr\'eliminaire},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GLG1992a,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Marc Lefebvre and M.-A. Glassey and C. Baur and C.
-		W. Burckhardt and R. Clavel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {{O}p\'eration {P}atate: {V}ision par ordinateur en robotique agricole},
-	  booktitle = {Actes 14\`emes Journ\'ees Francophones sur l'Informatique: Imagerie
-		Num\'erique, M\'ethodes et Applications, Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {1--5},
-	  month = {April},
-	  url = {ftp://ftp@cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/gil/jf.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GLG1992,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Marc Lefebvre and M.-A. Glassey and C. Baur and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {3{D} Image analysis for agricultural robotics: the {P}otato {O}peration},
-	  booktitle = {Eusipco 92, 6th European Signal Processing Conference, Brussels,
-		Belgium},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {1781--1784},
-	  month = {August},
-	  keywords = {VG:GLG1992key},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/gil/eusipco.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:GiM1993,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Scientific training in the {USA}},
-	  journal = {SI-Information, Bulletin of the Swiss Association for Computer Science},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  volume = {38},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GMP1994,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Feature selection for object tracking in traffic scenes},
-	  booktitle = {Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {Richard J. Becherer},
-	  volume = {2344},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {253--266},
-	  address = {Boston, USA},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes a motion-analysis system, applied to the problem
-		of vehicle tracking in real-world highway scenes. The system is structured
-		in two stages. In the first one, a motion-detection algorithm performs
-		a figure/ground segmentation, providing binary masks of the moving
-		objects. In the second stage, vehicles are tracked for the rest of
-		the sequence, by using Kalman filters on two state vectors, which
-		represent each target's position and velocity. A vehicle's motion
-		is represented by an affine model, taking into account translations
-		and scale changes. Three types of features have been used for the
-		vehicle's description state vectors. Two of them are contour-based:
-		the bounding box and the centroid of the convex polygon approximating
-		the vehicles contour. The third one is region-based and consists
-		of the 2-D pattern of the vehicle in the image. For each of these
-		features, the performance of the tracking algorithm has been tested,
-		in terms of the position error, stability of the estimated motion
-		parameters, trace of the motion model's covariance matrix, as well
-		as computing time. A comparison of these results appears in favor
-		of the use of the bounding box features.},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/gil/spie94.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GMP1996a,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Combining multiple motion estimates for vehicle tracking},
-	  booktitle = {Computer Vision - ECCV 96, Cambridge, UK},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {B. Buxton and R. Cipolla},
-	  number = {1064},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {307--320},
-	  month = {April},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  note = {(Proceedings of the 4th European Conference Computer Vision, Volume
-		II)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GMP1997,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Motion estimates combination for object tracking},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ISATA, Symposium on Automotive Technology
-		and Automation},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {109--117},
-	  address = {Florence, Italy},
-	  month = {June},
-	  note = {Topical Track on Robotics, Motion and Machine Vision in the Automotive
-		Industry}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:GMP1996,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Comparing features for target tracking in traffic scenes},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  volume = {29},
-	  pages = {1285--1296},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {8},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GiP1993,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Non-linear multiresolution relaxation for alerting},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Circuit Theory and
-		Design, Davos, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {H. Dedieu},
-	  pages = {1639--1644},
-	  month = {August},
-	  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/gil/ecctd.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:GiP1993a,
-	  author = {Sylvia Gil and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Multiresolution alerting for motion detection},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th GRETSI Symposium on Signal and Image Processing,
-		Juan-les-Pins},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {903--906},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/gil/gretsi.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ger1989,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Christian Girard},
-	  title = {Conception et r\'ealisation d'un logiciel modulaire et portable de
-		segmentation d'images \`a niveaux de gris},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1989}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ham1993,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Sarah Hamdan},
-	  title = {Analyse et extraction d'attributs d'images de texture},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {1993}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ham1999,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {R{\'e}mi Hammerli},
-	  title = {Logiciel de contr\^ole d'une orth\`ese pour myopathes},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  note = {(Travail r\'ealis\'e \`a l'Ecole d'Ing\'enieurs de Gen\`eve, prof.
-		Ren\'e Beuchat)}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:HBA1990,
-	  author = {R. Haralick and H. Bunke and K. Ammon and N. Bartneck and F. Casacuberta
-		and D. Hita and O. V. Larsen and A. Leduc and Thierry Pun and L.
-		Quan and A. Sanfeliu and B. Wrobel},
-	  title = {Hybrid methods, Report of the Working Group},
-	  booktitle = {Structural Pattern Analysis},
-	  publisher = {World Scientific},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  editor = {R. Mohr and T. Pavlidis and A. Sanfeliu},
-	  pages = {245--247},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Har1999,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  author = {Eric Harth},
-	  title = {Plate-forme de Sonification Dynamique de Pages Web Pour Aveugles
-		et Malvoyants},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {September},
-	  year = {1999}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Her1999,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel},
-	  title = {Eigentum sch\"utzen mit Wasserzeichen},
-	  journal = {Computerworld},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  pages = {A14--A16},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {6},
-	  month = {8~February},
-	  note = {(special issue: Internet)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Her1998,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel},
-	  title = {Copyright protection for multimedia data based on asymmetric cryptographic
-		techniques},
-	  booktitle = {Electronic Imaging: Processing, Printing and Publishing in Colour},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {Z\"urich, Switzerland},
-	  month = {May},
-	  note = {({SPIE}/{IST}/{E}uropto Symposium on Advanced Imaging and Network
-		Technologies)},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents a new approach for the copyright protection of
-		digital multimedia data. The system applies cryptographic protocols
-		and a public key technique for different purposes, namely encoding/decoding
-		a digital watermark generated by any spread spectrum technique and
-		the secure transfer of watermarked data from the sender to the receiver
-		in a commercial business process. The public key technique is applied
-		for the construction of a one-way watermark embedding and verification
-		function to identify and prove the uniqueness of the watermark. In
-		addition, our approach provides secure owner authentication data
-		who has initiated the watermark process for a specific data set.
-		Legal dispute resolution is supported for multiple watermarking of
-		digital data without revealing the confidential keying information.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HOP1998,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Holger Petersen
-		and Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Secure copyright protection techniques for digital images},
-	  booktitle = {Information Hiding},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {David Aucsmith},
-	  volume = {1525},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {169--190},
-	  address = {Berlin},
-	  publisher = {Springer},
-	  note = {(Second International Workshop IH'98, Portland, OR, USA, April~15--17,
-)},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents a new approach for the secure and robust copyright
-		protection of digital images. A system for generating digital watermarks
-		and for trading watermarked images is described. The system is based
-		on a new watermarking technique, which is robust against image transformation
-		techniques such as compression, rotation, translation, scaling and
-		cropping. It uses modulation of the magnitude components in Fourier
-		space to embed a watermark and an accompanying template. During the
-		watermark extraction,the template is read in the log polar transform
-		of the frequency domain. The template is used for analyzing scaling
-		and rotation suffered by the watermarked stego-image. The detection
-		of the watermarks is also possible without any need for the original
-		cover-image. In addition, the system applies asymmetric cryptographic
-		protocols for different purposes, namely embedding/detecting the
-		watermark and transferring watermarked data. The public key technique
-		is applied for the construction of a one-way watermark embedding
-		and the verification function to identify and prove the uniqueness
-		of the watermark. Legal dispute resolution is supported for the multiple
-		watermarking of a digital image without revealing the confidential
-		keying information.},
-	  isbn = {3-540-65386-4},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/HerrigelORuanaidhPetersenPereiraPun_ih98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/HerrigelORuanaidhPetersenPereiraPun_ih98.pdf},
-	  url2 = {http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1525.htm}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:HOP1997,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Method for generating digital watermarks and for exchanging data
-		containing digital watermarks},
-	  howpublished = {International Patent Application, September 1997, Sept. 1998, March
-},
-	  year = {1997}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HPO1997,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Adrian Perrig and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh}},
-	  title = {A copyright protection environment for digital images},
-	  booktitle = {VIS 97, Verlassliche Informationssysteme, Gesellschaft fuer Informatik},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Freiburg, Germany},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HeP1999,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Digital Copyright Protection for Multimedia Documents},
-	  booktitle = {Telecom 99},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {10--17~October},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/HerrigelPun_telecom99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HV2001,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Counterfeit Attacks against a new Currency Protection Scheme},
-	  booktitle = { Int. Conf. on Communications and Multimedia Security CMS2001},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = { },
-	  address = { Darmstadt, Germany},
-	  month = {May 21-22}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HeV1998,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Copyright and content protection for digital images based on asymmetric
-		cryptographic techniques},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia and Security Workshop, Sixth ACM International Multimedia
-		Conference},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {J. Dittman and P. Horster and P. Wohlmacher},
-	  pages = {99--112},
-	  address = {Bristol, U.K.},
-	  month = {September},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents a new approach for the copyright protection of
-		digital multimedia data. The system applies cryptographic protocols
-		and a public key technique for different purposes, namely encoding/decoding
-		a digital watermark generated by any spread spectrum technique and
-		the secure transfer of watermarked data from the sender to the receiver
-		in a commercial business process. The public key technique is applied
-		for the construction of a one-way watermark embedding and verification
-		function to identify and prove the uniqueness of the watermark. Our
-		approach provides secure owner authentication data who has initiated
-		the watermark process for a specific data set. Legal dispute resolution
-		is supported for multiple watermarking of digital data without revealing
-		the confidential keying information. Content protection for images
-		is provided by ciphering/deciphering the data in the transform domain.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HVH1999,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Z. Hrytskiv},
-	  title = {Optical/digital identification/verification system based on digital
-		watermarking technology},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE International Workshop on Optoelectronic and Hybrid Optical/Digital
-		Systems for Image/Signal Processing ODS'99},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {Lviv, Ukraine},
-	  month = {20--24~sep},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents a new approach for the secure integrity verification
-		of driver licenses, passports or other analogue identification documents.
-		The system embeds (detects) the reference number of the identification
-		document with the DCT watermark technology in (from) the owner photo
-		of the identification document holder. Since the watermark technology
-		is resistant against many image distortions such as affine transformations,
-		lossy compression, quantization, dithering and other common image
-		processing operations, the owner photo my even be damaged without
-		any performance decrease in the detection process. During verification
-		the reference number is extracted and compared with the reference
-		number printed in the in the identification document. The approach
-		combines optical and digital image processing techniques. The detection
-		system must be able to scan an analogue driver license or passport,
-		convert the image of this document into a digital representation
-		and then apply the watermark verification algorithm to check the
-		payload of the embedded watermark. If the payload of the watermark
-		is identical with the printed visual reference number of the issuer,
-		the verification was successful and the passport or driver license
-		has not been modified. This approach constitutes a new class of application
-		for the watermark technology, which was originally targeted for the
-		copyright protection of digital multimedia data. The presented approach
-		substantially increases the security of the analogue identification
-		documents applied in many European countries.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/HerrigelVoloshynovskiyHrytskiv_spie99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HVR2001,
-	  author = {Alexander Herrigel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Yuriy Rytsar},
-	  title = {The Watermark Template Attack},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2001, Security and Watermarking
-		of Multimedia Contents III},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {W. Wong and E. J. Delp},
-	  number = {paper 4314-46},
-	  address = {San Jose, CA, USA},
-	  month = {jan},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/HerrigelVoloshynovskiyRytsar_spie2001.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/HerrigelVoloshynovskiyRytsar_spie2001.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:HAP1988,
-	  author = {D. Hochstrasser and V. Augsburger and Thierry Pun and D. Weber and
-		Christian Pellegrini and A. M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {High resolution mini-two-dimensional gel electrophoresis automatically
-		run and stained in less than six hours with small, ready to use slab
-		gels},
-	  journal = {Clinical Chemistry},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  volume = {34},
-	  pages = {166--170},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {1},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HFA1990,
-	  author = {D. F. Hochstrasser and M. Funk and R. D. Appel and Thierry Pun and
-		R. W. James and A.-C. Hochstrasser and J.-R. Scherrer and Christian
-		Pellegrini and A. F. Muller},
-	  title = {From a biopsy to automatic diagnosis},
-	  booktitle = {Schweizerischen Medizinischen Wochenschrift},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  series = {120},
-	  pages = {1862--1866}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Holotyak:CMS2005:BSS,
-	  author = {Taras Holotyak and Jessica Fridrich and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Blind Statistical Steganalysis of Additive Steganography Using Wavelet
-		Higher Order Statistics},
-	  booktitle = { 9th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 Conference on Communications and Multimedia
-		Security (CMS 2005)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Salzburg, Austria},
-	  month = {September 19-21}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Hon1999,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  author = {Lin Hong},
-	  title = {Recherche de cha\^{i}nes de caract\`eres dans une image bitmap},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {March},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  abstract = {La d\'etection automatique et la reconnaissance de cha\^{i}nes de
-		caract\`eres contenues dans des images bitmap est tr\`es utile pour
-		les syst\`emes multim\'edias, les librairies digitales et les syst\`emes
-		d'informations g\'eographiques. Cependant, les syst\`emes commerciaux
-		actuels qui utilisent des OCR (Optical Character Recognition) sont
-		limit\'es au traitement de cha\^{i}nes de caract\`eres imprim\'ees
-		sur des fonds uniformes (p.ex. caract\`eres noirs sur fond blanc).
-		N\'eanmoins, une nouvelle approche a \'et\'e propos\'ee. Trois phases
-		distinctes sont n\'ecessaires pour extraire le texte contenu dans
-		une image: la d\'etection des r\'egions contenant du texte, l'extraction
-		du texte (suppression du fond) et l'affinement du r\'esultat obtenu.
-		Intrigu\'ee par l'efficacit\'e de cette nouvelle approche, je l'ai
-		implant\'ee en Java en obtenant des r\'esultats tr\`es satisfaisants.
-		Dans ce m\'emoire, les d\'etails d'implantation sont pr\'esent\'es
-		et les r\'esultats obtenus sont analys\'es.}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Hu1993,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ziping Hu},
-	  title = {Speedup of algorithms by using a {C}onnection {M}achine through a
-		network: application to image processing},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {1993}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Hu1991,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ziping Hu},
-	  title = {Spine planimetry: a clinical image analysis tool},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1991}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:HPP1988,
-	  author = {Z. Hu and Thierry Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Expert system for image segmentation},
-	  booktitle = {{SGAICO} - Swiss Group of {AI} and Cognitive Sciences Annual Conference
-		on Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, Assembly, and Robotics,
-		Bern},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:HPP1990,
-	  author = {Z. P. Hu and Thierry Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {An expert system for guiding image segmentation},
-	  journal = {Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  volume = {14},
-	  pages = {13--24},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {1}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Iqu2000,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Victor Iquise},
-	  title = {Attaques Contre Le Filigranage Digital D'images et de Vid\'eos, Bas\'ees
-		sur Le Concept de Suppression Du Bruit},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis (MSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {November},
-	  year = {2000}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Ite1990,
-	  author = {Robert Iten},
-	  title = {{SN}1: {C}oncept acquisition combining symbolic and numerical information},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.08},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {December}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Jac1993,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Groupage perceptuel asynchrone pour la compr\'ehension qualitative
-		d'images: des contours aux primitives g\'en\'eriques},
-	  school = {Universit\'e de Gen\`eve},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2642},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {November},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Dr.~Radu Horaud (LIFIA, Grenoble, FR), Prof.~Bernard
-		Levrat (Geneva, CH), Prof.~Thierry Pun (director, Geneva, CH)},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Jac1988,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Laboratoire {I}mage: d\'eveloppement d'un environnement convivial
-		pour le traitement interactif et automatique d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Jac1987,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Labo {I}mage: d\'eveloppement d'un environnement convivial pour le
-		traitement interactif d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1987}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:JDP1992,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A probabilistic approach to 3-{D} inference of geons from a 2-{D}
-		view},
-	  booktitle = {Applications of Artificial Intelligence X: Machine Vision and Robotics},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {Kevin W. Bowyer},
-	  volume = {1708},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {579--588},
-	  address = {Orlando, FLA, USA},
-	  month = {April},
-	  note = {(Special Session on: Recognition by Components or Geon-Based Systems)},
-	  abstract = {A new, probabilistic approach for inferring 3-D volumetric primitives
-		from a single 2-D view is presented. This recognition relies on the
-		assumption that every object can be decomposed into component parts
-		that belong to a finite set or alphabet of volumetric primitives
-		(geons). For each possible primitive from the permissible set, a
-		conditional probability function is computed. This law specifies
-		the probability of obtaining the primitive given an observable 2-
-		D measure or feature. The distribution functions are determined by
-		simulation, on the basis of a representative number of random projections
-		of the primitives. The measures themselves are chosen in such a way
-		that they can easily be extracted from real images and their discriminative
-		power for the volumetric primitive inference is high. Examples illustrate
-		the proposed approach.}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:JDP1994,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage: an experimental window-based environment for teaching
-		and research in image analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Experimental Environments for Computer Vision and Image Processing},
-	  publisher = {World Scientific},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  editor = {H. I. Christensen and J. L. Crowley},
-	  pages = {89--108},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:JDP1993,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage},
-	  booktitle = {Prime Time Freeware for Unix},
-	  publisher = {software},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  editor = {R. Morin},
-	  volume = {2},
-	  edition = {2},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:JDP19,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asynchronous perceptual grouping: from contours to relevant 2{D}
-		structures},
-	  journal = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  volume = {66},
-	  pages = {1--24},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {1},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:JaP1994,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asynchronous perceptual grouping: from contours to generic primitives},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:JaP1990,
-	  author = {A. Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage 3.0},
-	  journal = {Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  volume = {14},
-	  pages = {III},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {4},
-	  note = {(Software Survey Section)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:JRP1992,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and Marianne Rupp and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage: {A} portable window based environment for research in
-		image processing and analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Image Processing and Interchange: Implementation and Systems},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {Ronald B. Arps and William K. Pratt},
-	  volume = {1659},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {331--340},
-	  address = {San Jose, California, USA},
-	  month = {February},
-	  abstract = {LaboImage provides scientists with general purpose as well as specific
-		processing families and tools in a highly interactive environment.
-		The current software results from an evolution reflecting several
-		years of development and experiences. This paper first presents the
-		new X Window / OSF Motif version of LaboImage, as it is seen by the
-		user. It also describes how an image is manipulated in the system,
-		how processing methods are applied and results are visualized. Multiple
-		types of interaction between the user and the system are addressed.
-		The implementation aspects are then detailed. They concern data structures
-		as well as algorithms and interfaces. The data file and descriptor
-		file formate used for strong images is described. The organization
-		in memory of multiple data such as images, vectors, and macros is
-		presented. The source code organization is also discussed. A clear
-		separation between algorithmic and interface parts in the code appears
-		to be very important, in order to allow easy further developments
-		of the system.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:JRP1992a,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and M. Rupp and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage 4.0: {P}ortable window based environment for research
-		in image processing and analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Medinfo 92, 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:JTP1991,
-	  author = {Alain Jacot-Descombes and K. Todorov and Christian Pellegrini and
-		D. F. Hochstrasser and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Labo{I}mage: a workstation environment for research in image processing
-		and analysis},
-	  journal = {Computer Applications in the Biosciences},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  volume = {7},
-	  pages = {225--232},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Jac1992,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Sabrina Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Approches pour \'evaluation de la sym\'etrie d'objets},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {May},
-	  year = {1992}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Janvier2006a,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and \'Eric Bruno and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-theoretic temporal segmentation of videos and applications:
-		multiscale keyframe selection and transition detection},
-	  journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {30},
-	  pages = {273-288},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/q650q0936j5710k7}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Janvier:EUSIPCO2005:CMSVT,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and \'Eric Bruno and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A contextual model for semantic video structuring},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th European Signal Processing Conference (Eusipco
-)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Antalya, Turkey},
-	  month = {September 4-8},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/janvier_cmsvt.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Janvier:MTAP2005:ITTS,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and \'Eric Bruno and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-theoretic temporal segmentation of videos and applications:
-		multiscale keyframe selection and transition detection},
-	  journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  note = {(to appear)},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/janvier_itts.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Janvier2006,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and Eric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Performance evaluation of a contextual news story segmentation algorithm},
-	  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE Vol. 6073, 60730X, Multimedia Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {6073},
-	  address = {San Jose, CA},
-	  month = {January},
-	  editors = {Edward Y. Chang, Alan Hanjalic, Nicu Sebe},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=DetailPaper\&ProductId=642754\&coden=}
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:JANVIER:CBMI03,
-	  author = {Bruno Janvier and Eric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Information-Theoretic Framework for The Joint Temporal Partionning
-		and Representation of Video Data},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia
-		Indexing, CBMI'03},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  address = {Rennes, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/VideoTemporalSegmentation.cbmi.pdf}
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:JMM2003,
-	  author = {Carlo Jelmini and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {{DEVA}: an extensible ontology-based annotation model for visual
-		document collections },
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE} Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2002, Internet
-		Imaging {IV}},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {R. Schettini and S. Santini Eds},
-	  address = {Santa Clara, CA, USA}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:jelmini2004,
-	  author = {Carlo Jelmini and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {OWL-based reasoning with retractable inference},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {RIAO} 2004, Conference on coupling approaches, coupling
-		media and coupling languages for information retrieval},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Avignon, France}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Oct0305,
-	  author = {C. Jelmini and S. Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {The Semantic Web Knowledge Base ({SWKB}), an {OWL} reasoning tool
-		with retractable inference},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.05},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Kab1999,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Oussama Chaban Kabakibo},
-	  title = {M\'ecanismes de paiement \'electronique pour les flux de donn\'ees
-		audio et vid\'eo},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  note = {(Travail r\'ealis\'e au sein du groupe de Syst\`emes bas\'es objets
-		(Dr. D. Konstantas))}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:KaR2001,
-	  author = {Hesham Kamel and Patrick Roth},
-	  title = {{G}raphics and {U}sers {E}xploration via {S}imple {S}onics ({GUESS}):
-		Providing Interrelation Representation of Objects in a Non-visual
-		Environment},
-	  booktitle = {ICAD 2001, In International Conference on Auditory Display},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Espoo , Finland},
-	  month = {July 29-August 1}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:KKC1998,
-	  author = {Jean Khedari and Joseph Khedari and Gabriela Csurka and Jongjit Hirunlabh},
-	  title = {General analytical modelling of heat transfer in isotropic solid
-		materials under periodic steady regime},
-	  booktitle = {Int. Conf. on Contribution of Cognition to Modelling (CCM 98)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Lyon, France},
-	  month = {jul 6--8}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kludas:FDIA07:MRCWC,
-	  author = {Jana Kludas},
-	  title = {Multimedia Retrieval and Classification for Web Content},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of BCS IRSG Symposium: Future Directions in Information
-		Access (FDIA)},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Glasgow, Scotland},
-	  month = {August 28-29},
-	  abstract = { *The population of the World Wide Web with media of all types such
-		as texts, images, videos and audio files in recent years raised the
-		attractiveness of multimedia retrieval. With our work on the influence
-		of dependencies between modalities and features we investigate why
-		these approaches still do not perform convincingly better than plain
-		text search approaches when applied to large, noisy collections like
-		web content, even though these approaches have more information at
-		their hands. This article suggests that, due to the size and noise,
-		the modality’s dependencies necessary for efficient information fusion
-		becomes small and hard to exploit. Preliminary experiments with two
-		multi modal collections underpin this statement.* },
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/kludas.fdia07.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kludas:AMR07:IFMIR,
-	  author = {Jana Kludas and Eric Bruno and Stephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Information Fusion in Multimedia Information Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 5th international Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia
-		Retrieval (AMR)},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Paris, France},
-	  month = {July 5-6},
-	  abstract = {In retrieval, indexing and classification of multimedia data an efficient
-		information fusion of the different modalities is essential for the
-		system's overall performance. Since information fusion, its influence
-		factors and performance improvement boundaries have been lively dis-
-		cussed in the last years in different research communities, we will
-		review their latest findings. They most importantly point out that
-		exploiting the feature's and modality's dependencies will yield to
-		maximal performance. In data analysis and fusion tests with annotated
-		image collections this is undermined.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/Kludas.amr07.pdf}
-	}
-	@inproceedings{morrison07-automatic,
-           Author = {Morrison, Donn and Marchand-Maillet, St\'ephane and Bruno, Eric},
-           Title = {Automatic image annotation with relevance feedback and latent semantic analysis},
-           BookTitle = {Proceedings 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia Retrieval},
-	   address = {Paris, France},
-	   month = {July 5-6},
-           Year = {2007}
-	}
-	@inproceedings{morrison07-hierarchical,
-           Author = {Morrison, Donn and Marchand-Maillet, St\'ephane and Bruno, Eric},
-           Title = {Hierarchical long-term learning for automatic image annotation},
-           BookTitle = {Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies},
-	   address = {Genova, Italy},
-	   month = {December 5-7},
-           Year = {2007}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:KMJ2000,
-	  author = {Dimitri Konstantas and Ruggiero Milanese and Alain Jacot-Descombes
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Distributed video production, distributed musical rehearsal and distributed
-		video editing and retrieval},
-	  journal = {Comtec},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  volume = {2},
-	  pages = {30-37},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {dvp}
-	}
-	@INBOOK{VG:KTM2000,
-	  pages = {47--56},
-	  title = {Towards the Digitalization of the Braille and Audio-Book Library
-		of the A.B.A.},
-	  publisher = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  editor = {D. Tsichritzis},
-	  author = {Dimitri Konstantas and Karim Taha and Jean-Henry Morin and Lori Petrucci},
-	  booktitle = {Internet Objects},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Kosinov0601,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov},
-	  title = {Dual diffusion model of spreading activation for content-based image
-		retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {06.01},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Dec0307,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov},
-	  title = {Visual object recognition using distance-based discriminant analysis},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.07},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov06visual,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Visual object categorization with indefinite kernels in discriminant
-		analysis framework},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2006, Multimedia
-		Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006 (EI122)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January, 15-19}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov04evaluation,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Evaluation of distance-based discriminant analysis and its kernelized
-		extension in visual object recognition},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International on signal/image processing and
-		pattern recognition ({UkrObraz} 2004)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Kijiv, Ukraine}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov04hierarchical,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Hierarchical Ensemble Learning For Multimedia Categorization And
-		Autoannotation},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 {IEEE} Signal Processing Society Workshop
-		({MLSP} 2004)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {645--654},
-	  address = {S\~{a}o Lu{\'i}s, Brazil},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/MLSP2004-KosinovMarchandMaillet.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov04multimedia,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Multimedia autoannotation via hierarchical semantic ensembles},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Int. Workshop on Learning for Adaptable Visual
-		Systems ({LAVS} 2004)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Cambridge, UK}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kosinov03overview,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Overview of approaches to semantic augmentation of multimedia databases
-		for efficient access and content retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia
-		Retrieval (AMR 2003)},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Hamburg},
-	  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=uln4brc7t0xjejj2}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov06dual,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Igor Kozintsev
-		and Carole Dulong and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Dual diffusion model of spreading activation for content-based image
-		retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {8th ACM SIGMM International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Santa Barbara, CA, USA},
-	  month = {October},
-	  url = {http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1178686\&type=pdf\&coll=\&dl=ACM\&CFID=15151515\&CFTOKEN=6184618}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov05countering,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Countering the false positive projection effect in nonlinear asymmetric
-		classification},
-	  booktitle = {The IEEE Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology
-		(ISSPIT'05)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Athens, Greece},
-	  month = {December, 18-21}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kosinov04iterative,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Iterative majorization approach to the distance-based discriminant
-		analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the {GfKl} 2004},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Dortmund, Germany},
-	  month = {March 9--11},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/KosinovMarchandMailletPunGFKL2004.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kosinov04visual,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Visual object categorization using distance-based discriminant analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Multimedia Data
-		and Document Engineering},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Washington, DC},
-	  month = {July},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/KosinovMarchandMailletPunMDDE2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Kosinov05large,
-	  author = {Serhiy Kosinov and Ivan Titov and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Large Margin Multiple Hyperplane Classification for Content-based
-		Multimedia Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for
-		Processing Multimedia Content, {MLMM'05}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Bonn, Germany},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{Koval:TR2006,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshinovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Analysis of modality dependence/independence impact on the performance
-		of multimodal fusion systems: Summary of main results},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {06.12},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/KVP_Multimodal_Fusion_Systems_Summary-2006.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:2007:RPH-Security,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fokko Beekhof and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Security Analysis of Robust Perceptual Hashing},
-	  year = {2008},
-	  note = {(submitted)},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.16}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:2007:Sphere-Decoding,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fokko Beekhof and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Analysis of physical unclonable identification based on reference
-		list decoding},
-	  year = {2008},
-	  note = {(submitted)},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.16}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:WaCha:2007,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fokko Beekhof and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Decision-theoretic consideration of robust perceptual hashing: link
-		to practical algorithms},
-	  booktitle = {WaCha2007, /Third WAVILA Challenge/},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Saint Malo, France},
-	  month = {June 15th}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:SPIE2005,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric
-		Deguillaume and F. Perez-Gonzalez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robustness improvement of known-host-state watermarking using host
-		statistics},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2005, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII (EI120)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 16-20},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/KovalVoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePerezGonzalezPun_SPIE2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:EUSIPCO2004a,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric
-		Deguillaume and F. Perez-gonzalez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Spread spectrum watermarking for real images: is everything so hopeless?},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 12th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO
-},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Vienna, Austria},
-	  month = {September 6-10},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/KovalVoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePerezGonzalezPun_EUSIPCO2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:ACM2006,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and S. Voloshynovskiy and Taras Holotyak and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Information-theoretic analysis of steganalysis in real images},
-	  booktitle = {ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop 2006},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September 26-27},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/mmsec169-koval.ps}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ACM2004,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and F. Perez-Gonzalez
-		and F. Deguillame and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Quantization-based watermarking performance improvement using host
-		statistics: AWGN attack case},
-	  booktitle = {ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop 2004},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Magdeburg, Germany},
-	  month = {September 20-21},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/2004.ACM.Non_uniform_quantizer.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:IWMSP:2007a,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Analysis of multimodal binary detection systems based on dependent/independent
-		modalities},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 2007 International Workshop on Multimedia
-		Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Chania, Crete, Greece},
-	  month = {October 1--3}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:SPIE2007:EEA,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Error exponent analysis of person identification based on fusion
-		of dependent/independent modalities},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE-IS{\&}T} Electronic Imaging 2007, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {28 Jan. -- 1 Feb.},
-	  abstract = {Abstract--Performance limits of multimodal detection systems are analyzed
-		in this paper. Two main setups are analyzed, i.e., based on fusion
-		of dependent and independent modalities, respectively. The analysis
-		is performed in terms of attainable probability of detection errors
-		characterized by the corresponding error exponents. It is demonstrated
-		that an expected performance gain from fusion of dependent modalities
-		is superior than in the case when one fuses independent signals.
-		In order to quantify the efficiency of dependent modality fusion
-		versus the independent case, the problem analysis is performed in
-		the Gaussian formulation.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/SPIE-EI-2007-Error-Exponent-paper.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:WIC2006:Koval_wic2006,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Laplacian channel state estimation for state dependent channels},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 27-th Symposium on information theory in the Benelux},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Noordwijk, The Netherlands},
-	  month = {June 8-9, 2006,},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/Koval_wic2006.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Koval:SP2005:RIKHSW,
-	  author = {Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n
-		and F. P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robustness Improvement of Known-Host-State Watermarking Using Host
-		Statistics},
-	  journal = {Elsevier Science, Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {86},
-	  pages = {1076--1088},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {5},
-	  month = {May},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/robustnees-improvement.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{BMI:Dec0309,
-	  author = {Jullien Kronegg},
-	  title = {Capacity study of the memoryless channel with additive independent
-		Gaussian noise and its application to brain-computer interfaces},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {03.09},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Kronegg2003__Capacity_Study_of_AWGN_channel_(TR0309).pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Kro2001,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {external},
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg},
-	  title = {Dispositif de Capture Des Mouvements Oculaires Pour un Simulateur
-		de Vision},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis (MSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/kronegg_diploma.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kronegg:TAIMA:AMDICO,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Teodor Alecu and Guillaume Chanel and Sviatoslav
-		Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Analyse des mesures de d{\'e}bit pour interfaces cerveau-ordinateur},
-	  booktitle = {TAIMA'2005, Traitement et Analyse de l'Information : M{\'e}thodes
-		et Applications},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Hammamet, Tunisia},
-	  month = {26 Sep -- 1Oct}
-	}
-	@MISC{Kronegg:SIMILAR:TUFBCI,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Teodor Alecu and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Towards user friendly BCIs},
-	  howpublished = {EU NOE Similar Workshop},
-	  month = {Nov. 8--9},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  note = {Sophia-Antipolis, France},
-	  address = {Sophia-Antipolis, France,}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:HCII2003,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Teodor Alecu and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information theoretic bit-rate optimization for average trial protocol
-		Brain-Computer Interfaces},
-	  booktitle = {HCI International 2003, 10th International Conference on Human-Computer
-		Interaction},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Crete, Greece},
-	  month = {June 22-27},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Kronegg2003-HCII2003-fullpaper.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Kronegg2003-HCII2003-fullpaper.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Kronegg:NSRE:EEG-BCI,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Guillaume Chanel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {EEG-based synchronized brain-computer interfaces: a model for optimizing
-		the number of mental tasks},
-	  journal = {IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  volume = {15},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {1},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@MISC{Kronegg:SIMILAR:ITRBPO,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Guillaume Chanel and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-transfer rate based performance optimization for brain-computer
-		interfaces},
-	  howpublished = {Similar NOE Workshop},
-	  month = {June 8--9},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  note = {Heraklion, Greece},
-	  address = {Heraklion, Greece}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Kronegg:BCI:MPBCIITR,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Measuring the performance of brain-computer interfaces using the
-		information transfer rate},
-	  booktitle = {BCI 2005, Brain-Computer Interface Technology: Third International
-		Meeting},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Rensselaerville, NY, USA},
-	  month = {June 14--19}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:Kronegg05,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Svyatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Analysis of bit-rate definitions for Brain-Computer Interfaces},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 Int. Conf. on Human-computer Interaction
-		{(HCI'05)}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Las Vegas, Nevada, USA},
-	  month = {June},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/Kronegg2005__Analysis_of_bit_rate_definitions_for_BCIs.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{Kronegg:TR:TR0503,
-	  author = {Julien Kronegg and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-transfer rate modeling of EEG-based synchronized brain-computer
-		interfaces},
-	  institution = {University of Geneva, Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory,
-		Computing Centre},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {techreport},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  number = {05.03},
-	  address = {Rue G{\'e}n{\'e}ral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {December 20},
-	  abstract = {The information-transfer rate (ITR) is commonly used to assess the
-		performance of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Various studies have
-		shown that the optimal number of mental tasks to be used is fairly
-		low, around 3 or 4. We propose a formal approach and an experimental
-		validation to demonstrate and confirm that this optimum is user and
-		BCI design dependent. Even if increasing the number of mental tasks
-		to the optimum indeed leads to an increase of the ITR, the gain remains
-		small. This might not justify the added complexity in terms of protocol
-		design.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/Kronegg2005__TechReport0503.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{BMI:Jun0403,
-	  author = {Jullien Kronegg and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Brain-computer interface model: Upper-capacity bound, signal-to-noise
-		ratio estimation, and optimal number of symbols},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {04.03},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/Kronegg2004__BCI_Model_upper_capacity_bound_(TR0403).pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Kru1996,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Attila Kruszely},
-	  title = {Suivi d'objet bas\'e sur la couleur dans une s\'equence d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {1996}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:KVH2000,
-	  author = {Martin Kutter and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel},
-	  title = {Watermark copy attack},
-	  booktitle = {IS\&T/SPIE's 12th Annual Symposium, Electronic Imaging 2000: Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Content II},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Wah Wong, Ping and Edward J. Delp},
-	  volume = {3971},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {San Jose, California USA},
-	  month = {23--28~jan},
-	  note = {(Paper EI 3971-35)},
-	  abstract = {Research in digital watermarking has progressed along two paths. While
-		new watermarking technologies are being developed, some researchers
-		are also investigating di erent ways of attacking digital watermarks.
-		Common attacks to watermarks usually aim to destroy theembedded watermark
-		or to impair its detection. In this paper we propose a conceptually
-		new attack for digitally watermarked images. The proposed attack
-		doesnot destroy anembedded watermark, but copies it from one image
-		to a di erent image. Although this new attack does not destroy awatermark
-		or impair its detection, it creates new challenges, especially when
-		watermarks are used for copyright protection and identi cation. The
-		process of copying the watermark requires neither algorithmic knowledge
-		of the watermarking technology nor the watermarking key. The attack
-		is based on an estimation of the embedded watermark in the spatial
-		domain through a ltering process. The estimate of the watermark is
-		then adapted and inserted into the target image. To illustrate the
-		performance of the proposed attack we applied it to commercial and
-		non-commercial watermarking schemes. The experiments showed that
-		the attack is very e ective in copying a watermark from one image
-		to a di erent image. In addition, we have a closer look at application
-		dependent implications of this new attack.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/KutterVoloshynovskiyHerrigel_spie2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/KutterVoloshynovskiyHerrigel_spie2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LMB1997,
-	  author = {Abderrahim Labbi and Ruggero Milanese and Holger Bosch},
-	  title = {Gray-level object segmentation with a network of {F}itz{H}ugh-{N}agumo
-		oscillators},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Artificial and Natural
-		Neural Networks (IWANN'97), Lanzarote, Canary Islands},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we adopt a temporal coding approach to neuronal modeling
-		of the visual cortex, using oscillations. We propose a hierarchy
-		of three processing modules corresponding to different levels of
-		representation. The first layer encodes the input image (stimulus)
-		into an array of units, while the second layer consists of a network
-		of FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators. The dynamical behaviour of the coupled
-		oscillators is rigorously investigated and a stimulus-driven synchronization
-		theorem is derived. However, this module reveals itself insufficient
-		to correctly encode and segregate different objects when they have
-		similar gray-levels in the input image. Therefore, a third layer
-		connected in a feedback loop with the oscillators is added. This
-		ensures synchronization (resp. desynchronization) of neuron ensembles
-		representing the same (resp. a different) object. Simulation results
-		are presented using synthetic as well as real and noisy gray-level
-		images.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/LabbiMilaneseBosch_iwann97.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/LabbiMilaneseBosch_iwann97.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:LMB1997a,
-	  author = {Abderrahim Labbi and Ruggero Milanese and Holger Bosch},
-	  title = {Global synchronization and selective desynchronization of {F}itz{H}ugh-{N}agumo
-		oscillators},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {97.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {July},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.05_LabbiMilaneseBosch.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.05_LabbiMilaneseBosch.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LMB1997b,
-	  author = {Abderrahim Labbi and Ruggero Milanese and Holger Bosch},
-	  title = {A Network of {F}itz{H}ugh-{N}agumo Oscillators for Object Segmentation},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and
-		its Applications (NOLTA'97)},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  address = {Honolulu, Hawaii, USA},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {This paper adresses the problem of modeling object segmentation in
-		the visual cortex using oscillations. The proposed architecture is
-		based on a network of locally connected FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators
-		which receive graded external input. We show the suitability of such
-		a network to encode the stimulus since the amplitude of oscillations
-		increases monotonically as a function of the input in the neighborhood
-		of a bifurcation, while the frequency remains nearly constant. However,
-		due to the diffusive effects of the Laplacian connectivity, the oscillators
-		tend to be in phase even when they represent different objects. Therefore
-		a desynchronization mechanism, which represents spatial information
-		about the objects, is added. The overall dynamics are described and
-		simulation results on real images are shown.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/LabbiMilaneseBosch_nolta97.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/LabbiMilaneseBosch_nolta97.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Lef1992,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre},
-	  title = {Vision pour la robotique agricole},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {92.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:LBD1991,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Denis Brunet and J.-D. Dessimoz and P. Gugerli
-		and R. Strasser and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: general overview},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {91.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:LBP1991,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Denis Brunet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: germs detection using contour based measures},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {91.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LDG1990,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and J.-D. Dessimoz and P. Gugerli and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Potato {O}peration},
-	  booktitle = {Computer Vision Workshop, SGAICO'90, Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence
-		and Cognitive Science, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LGB1993,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Sylvia Gil and C. Baur and J.-D. Dessimoz and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: computer vision for agricultural robotics
-		and quality control},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Fruit, Nut and
-		Vegetable Production Engineering, Valencia, Spain},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {1--8},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:LGB1993a,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Sylvia Gil and Denis Brunet and E. Natonek and
-		C. Baur and P. Gugerli and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Computer vision and agricultural robotics for disease control: the
-		{P}otato {O}peration},
-	  journal = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  volume = {9},
-	  pages = {85--102},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  note = {(Special Edition on Computer Vision)},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/lefebvre/93.2.SFNVPE.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LGG1992,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Sylvia Gil and M.-A. Glassey and C. Baur and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {3{D} computer vision for agrotics: the {P}otato {O}peration, an overview},
-	  booktitle = {11th IAPR - Computer Vision and Applications, The Hague, The Netherlands},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {207--210},
-	  month = {August},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/lefebvre/92.IAPR.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LZB1994a,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and T. Zimmerman and C. Baur and P. Gugerli and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Potato {O}peration: status report},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 2nd Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics,
-		Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {R. Bless},
-	  pages = {91--96},
-	  month = {September},
-	  organization = {National Research Program NFP/PNR 23}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LZB1994,
-	  author = {Marc Lefebvre and Thierry Zimmerman and Charles Baur and Paul Gugerli
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Potato operation: automatic detection of potato diseases},
-	  booktitle = {Optics in Agriculture, Forestry and Biological Processing},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {George E. Meyer and James A. DeShazer},
-	  volume = {2345},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {2--9},
-	  address = {Boston, USA},
-	  month = {October},
-	  abstract = {The Potato Operation is a collaborative, multidisciplinary project
-		in the domain of destructive testing of agricultural products. It
-		aims at automatizing pulp sampling of potatoes in order to detect
-		possible viral diseases. Such viruses can decrease fields productivity
-		by a factor of up to ten. A machine, composed of three conveyor belts,
-		a vision system, a robotic arm and controlled by a PC has been built.
-		Potatoes are brought one by one from a bulk to the vision system,
-		where they are seized by a rotating holding device. The sprouts,
-		where the viral activity is maximum, are then detected by an active
-		vision process operating on multiple views. The 3D coordinates of
-		the sampling point are communicated to the robot arm holding a drill.
-		Some flesh is then sampled by the drill, then deposited into an Elisa
-		plate. After sampling, the robot arm washes the drill in order to
-		prevent any contamination. The PC computer simultaneously controls
-		these processes, the conveying of the potatoes, the vision algorithms
-		and the sampling procedure. The master process, that is the vision
-		procedure, makes use of three methods to achieve the sprouts detection.
-		A profile analysis first locates the sprouts as protuberances. Two
-		frontal analyses, respectively based on fluorescence and local variance,
-		confirm the previous detection and provide the 3D coordinate of the
-		sampling zone. The other two processes work by interruption of the
-		master process.},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/lefebvre/94.SPIE.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Lou2001,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Tatiana Louchnikova},
-	  title = {Segmentation {d'Images} Interactive},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  note = {In French},
-	  url = {http://viper.unige.ch/segmentation/}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:LMM2002,
-	  author = {Tatiana Louchnikova and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Flexible Image Decomposition for Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE} Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2002, Internet
-		Imaging {III}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {G. Beretta and R. Schettini Eds},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Luo2000,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Cornelia Luoni},
-	  title = {Development of an Interface to a Database Storing the Features of
-		a Multimedia Retrieval System},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (BSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {2000}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Lut1990,
-	  author = {Ren{\'e} Lutz},
-	  title = {Segmentation de r\'egions par une m\'ethode r\'ecursive},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {May}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Lut1988,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ren{\'e} Lutz},
-	  title = {Conception et r\'ealisation d'outils interactifs pour l'enseignement
-		du graphisme et du traitement d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:LPP1991,
-	  author = {Ren{\'e} Lutz and Thierry Pun and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Colour displays and lookup tables: real time modifications of digital
-		images},
-	  journal = {Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  volume = {15},
-	  pages = {73--84},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {2}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Lut1987,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ren{\'e} W. Lutz},
-	  title = {Conception et r\'ealisation d'un environnement convivial pour l'enseignement
-		pratique du graphisme et la programmation de syst\`emes graphiques
-		simples},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1987}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Dec0308,
-	  author = {S. Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Collection guiding},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.08},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mar0301,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Meeting Record Modelling for Enhanced Browsing},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.01},
-	  address = {rue General Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mar0302,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {MRML: Steps towards version 2},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.02},
-	  address = {rue General Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Mar2002,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Construction of a Formal Multimedia Benchmark},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Signal Processing Conference {(EUSIPCO2002)}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Toulouse, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {(Invited paper)},
-	  abstract = {The global acceptance of the digital medium to carry information (in
-		particular over the WWW) makes common the use and development of
-		multimedia information processing systems. This class of systems
-		is very wide and numerous instances are presented in the relevant
-		literature. A common scheme for such presentation mostly follows
-		the classical scheme of specification, development and test. However,
-		in most cases, the evaluation of these systems is related to each
-		particular system. Our aim here is to abstract the class of multimedia
-		systems in order to present a base framework via which systems could
-		be formally compared. This paper analyzes the construction of such
-		a multimedia benchmark by looking at the system from different angles
-		and inheriting from techniques in related fields. Examples of known
-		multimedia system benchmarks are discussed.}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Mar2002a,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {{CBIR} in Geneva: Past, Present and Future},
-	  howpublished = {Meeting Content-Based Image and Video Retrieval (Dagstuhl seminar)
-		- (Invited)},
-	  month = {Januray},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  note = {J. Malik (UC Berkeley, USA), H.-P. Kriegel (LMU M\"unchen, Germany),
-		L. Shapiro (Univ. of Washington, USA), R. Veltkamp (Utrecht Univ.,
-		The Netherlands) eds.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Mar2001,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Performance Evaluation in Content-Based Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval {(MMCBIR} 2001)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {INRIA Rocquencourt, Paris, France},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {Invited contribution},
-	  abstract = {Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has now reached a mature stage.
-		Search techniques are well-categorized and several research prototypes
-		or commercial products are available. However, CBIR true performance
-		is still difficult to quantify. Setting up a CBIR benchmark is a
-		heavy task and can only be done via the collaboration of all parties
-		involved in the research and development of CBIR prototypes and related
-		commercial products. The Benchathlon effort proposes to create such
-		a context in which CBIR will be evaluated thoroughly and objectively.
-		In this paper, we present the Benchathlon and its objectives in more
-		details. The goal of CBIR benchmarking has been divided into various
-		parallel and inter-related sub-tasks. One essential such task is
-		the definition of ground truth data. Since no such data exists, the
-		image collection is to be constructed from scratch. Copyright issues
-		should be resolved so as to be able to freely distribute, extend
-		and modify this collection. Further, different sub-collections should
-		be available for different specialized applications. It is also acknowledged
-		here that no unique ground truth exists. Techniques to account for
-		user subjectivity should therefore be developed. Considering the
-		effort involved, tools for easing the task of data annotation need
-		also to be designed. Related to this is the definition of objective
-		quantitative performance measures. These measures should be both
-		thorough and orthogonal. In other words, they should allow for a
-		complete evaluation and highlight weaknesses and strengths of the
-		CBIR system under evaluation. The goal being both to compare systems
-		and to help system developers to profile their techniques. To use
-		this data in practical evaluation, there is also the need for defining
-		standard test queries and result sets. Domain-specific constraints
-		will strongly influence the design of such test cases. Another aspect
-		is the feasibility of CBIR benchmarking. This imposes the definition
-		of a flexible software architecture enabling automated benchmarking
-		while leading to little (optimally no) programming overhead. Again,
-		legal issues about the openness of the systems under evaluation should
-		be accounted for. In our paper, we also shortly present the solutions
-		proposed by the Viper team at University of Geneva. These realizations
-		are gathered under the umbrella of our GIFT project where the central
-		feature is the Multimedia Retrieval Markup Language (MRML), an XML-based
-		communication protocol that we think is a necessary tool for enabling
-		CBIR benchmarking. We describe the architecture of our MRML-based
-		benchmark and sketch results for the Viper search engine.}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mar2000,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Content-Based Video Retrieval: An Overview},
-	  institution = {CUI - University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {00.06},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  abstract = {Content-based Image Retrieval systems (CBIRS) start flourishing on
-		the Web. Their performances are continuously improving and their
-		base principles span a wide range of diversity. Content-based Video
-		Retrieval systems (CBVRS) are less common and seem at a first glance
-		to be a natural extension of CBIRS. In this document, we summarise
-		advances made in the development of CBVRS and analyse their relationship
-		to CBIRS. While doing so, we show that CBVRS are actually not so
-		obvious extensions of CBIRS. (40 References)},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.06_Marchand.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.06_Marchand.pdf},
-	  url2 = {http://viper.unige.ch/~marchand/CBVR/}
-	}
-	@BOOK{Marchand-Maillet2007,
-	  title = {Adaptive Multmedia Retrieval: User, Context and Feedback},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  author = {St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet and Eric Bruno and Andreas Nurnberger
-		and Marcin Detyniecki},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes on Computer Science},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SMM04collection,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and {\'E}ric Bruno},
-	  title = {Collection Guiding: A new framework for handling large multimedia
-		collections},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Audio-visual Content And Information
-		Visualization In Digital Librairies, {AVIVDiLib05}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Cortona, Italy}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MLM2001,
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Nadia Lasri and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The Reality of Content-based Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceeding of the meeting Suchbilder},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Berlin, Germany},
-	  month = {February},
-	  note = {(to appear)},
-	  url = {http://www.suchbilder.de/}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Mar1995,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Marc Martin},
-	  title = {Recherche d'images par leur contenu ({SPIP}: {S}earch pictures in
-		pictures)},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  abstract = {Avec l'apparition sur le march\'e de machines chaque jour de plus
-		en plus puissantes, les ordinateurs deviennent capables de traiter
-		des informations de plus en plus volumineuses comme les sons ou encore
-		les images num\'eris\'es. Ce sont ces derni\`eres, qui nous int\'eressent
-		plus particuli\`erement, les machines de type ``ordinateur personnel''
-		sont d\'esormais capables de g\'erer des images de plusieurs millions
-		de pixels avec un nombre de couleurs si \'elev\'e qu'il d\'epasse
-		la capacit\'e de discernement de l'oeil humain. Ainsi, avec les possibilit\'es
-		de traitement qu'autorise la num\'erisation, les images informatiques
-		ne pouvaient que se multiplier. Il est aujourd'hui possible de trouver
-		des images sur n'importe quel sujet, et c'est ici qu'un probl\`eme
-		se pose. Pour des raisons qui lui sont propres, un utilisateur quelconque
-		peut avoir un besoin urgent d'une image qui comporte une voiture
-		rouge gar\'ee sur de l'herbe verte. Il se rappellera peut-\^etre
-		avoir d\'ej\`a vu une image de ce genre quelque part, mais aura certainement
-		beaucoup de mal \`a la retrouver sans outils sp\'ecifiques Or, il
-		se trouve que de tels outils sont encore introuvables sur le march\'e.
-		C'est apr\`es avoir constat\'e ce manque que certains laboratoires
-		de recherche se sont attel\'es \`a produire un logiciel qui soit
-		capable de retrouver, si possible, une image en fonction de son contenu.
-		Et parmi les produits qui sont apparus, on pourra citer le syst\`eme
-		QBIC (Querying By Image Content [4]) produit par les laboratoires
-		de recherche d'IBM au cours de l'ann\'ee 1993.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/95/MarcMartin_diploma.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/95/MarcMartin_diploma.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:McI1990,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Fiona McIntosh},
-	  title = {Evaluation of new image segmentation techniques for {PET-SHOP} ({E}valuation
-		de nouvelles techniques de segmentation d'images pour {PET-SHOP})},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {January},
-	  year = {1990}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Mil1993,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Selection of visual information with a bottom-up attention system},
-	  booktitle = {{NATO} Advanced Studies Institute on Statistics and Neural Networks,
-		Les Arcs, France},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {June},
-	  note = {(Research Summary for Poster Presentation)}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Mil1993a,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Detecting salient regions in an image: from biological evidence to
-		computer implementation (``D\'etection des r\'egions saillantes d'une
-		image: de l'\'evidence biologique \`a l'impl\'ementation'')},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2647},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {December},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Prof.~Harry Wechsler (Geaorge Mason Univ., USA), Dr.~Yves
-		Burnod (Neurosciences, Paris, FR), Prof.~Christian Pellegrini (Geneva,
-		CH), Prof.~Thierry Pun (director, Geneva, CH)},
-	  url = {http://cui.unige.ch/~milanese/pub/thesis.html},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mil1993b,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Mathematical derivation of energy functions for the integration of
-		conspicuity maps},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {93.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Mil1991,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Detection of salient features for focus of attention},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings 3rd SGAICO Meeting (Swiss Group for Artificial Intelligence
-		and Cognitive Science), Biel-Bienne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {87--101},
-	  month = {October},
-	  note = {(published as: University of Bern, Institute for Comp. Science and
-		Mathematics, Technical Report IAM-91--004, H. Kaiser, R. Bach and
-		H. Bunke, Eds., March 1992)}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mil1990,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Focus of attention in human vision: a survey},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.07},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Mil1990a,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Applying focus of attention to a computer vision system},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.07},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {December}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MBP1991,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Jean-Marc Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Visual indexing with an attentive system},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings Second AI*IA Scientific Congress (Associazione Italiana
-		per l'Intelligenza Artificiale), Palermo, Italy},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {E. Ardizzone and S. Gaglio and F. Sorbello},
-	  number = {549},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
-	  pages = {415--419},
-	  month = {October},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  note = {Published in: Trends in Artificial Intelligence}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MBP1992a,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Jean-Marc Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A relaxation network for a feature-driven visual attention system},
-	  booktitle = {Neural and Stochastic Methods in Image and Signal Processing},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {Su-Shing Chen},
-	  volume = {1766},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {542--552},
-	  address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
-	  month = {July},
-	  note = {(Conference on Application of Digital Image Processing XV)},
-	  abstract = {In this paper an attention module is described, which can be used
-		by an active vision system to generate gaze changes. This module
-		is based on a bottom-up, feature-driven analysis of the image. The
-		results are regions of the input image which contain strange features,
-		i.e., locations of the most `interesting' and `important' information.
-		The method proposed for detecting such regions is based on the decomposition
-		of the input image into a set of independent retinotopic feature
-		maps. Each map represents the value of a certain attribute computed
-		on a set of low-level primitives such as contours and regions. Relevant
-		objects can be detected if the corresponding primitives have a feature
-		value strongly different from the neighboring ones. Local comparisons
-		of feature values are used to compute such measures of `difference'
-		for each feature map and give rise to a corresponding set of conspicuity
-		maps. In order to obtain a single measure of interest for each location
-		and to make the process robust to noise, a relaxation algorithm is
-		run on the set of conspicuity maps. A dozen iterations are sufficient
-		to detect a binary mask identifying the attention regions. Results
-		on real scenes are presented.},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/milanese/92.07.spie92.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MBP1992b,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Jean-Marc Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A bottom-up attention system for active vision},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings ECAI 92, 10th. European Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
-		Vienna},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {B. Neumann},
-	  pages = {808--810},
-	  month = {August},
-	  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/milanese/92.08.ecai92.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MBP1992,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Jean-Marc Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Extraction of interesting regions with bottom-up visual attention},
-	  booktitle = {1st Swiss Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, Lausanne,
-		Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {85--96},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MBP1991a,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Jean-Marc Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Visione attentiva},
-	  booktitle = {First Workshop on Perception, AI*IA (Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza
-		Artificiale), Parma, Italy},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MiC1999,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Michel Cherbuliez},
-	  title = {A Rotation, Translation, and Scale-Invariant Approach to Content-Based
-		Image Retrieval},
-	  journal = {Visual Communication and Image Representation},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  volume = {10},
-	  pages = {186--196},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {June},
-	  abstract = {We describe a method for computing an image signature, suitable for
-		content-based retrieval from image databases. The signature is extracted
-		from the Fourier power spectrum by performing a mapping from cartesian
-		to logarithmic-polar coordinates, projecting this mapping onto two
-D signature vectors, and computing their power spectra coefficients.
-		Similar to wavelet-based approaches, this representation is \emph{holistic}
-		and, thus, provides a compact description of all image aspects, including
-		shape, texture, and color. Furthermore, it has the advantage of being
-		invariant to 2D rigid transformations, such as any combination of
-		rotation, scaling, and translation. Experiments have been conducted
-		on a database of 2082 images extracted from various news video clips.
-		Results confirm invariance to 2D rigid transformations, as well as
-		high resilience to more general affine and projective transformations.
-		Moreover, the signature appears to capture perceptually relevant
-		image features, in that it allows successful database querying using
-		example images which have been subject to arbitrary camera and subject
-		motion.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MCP1999,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Michel Cherbuliez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Invariant content-based image retrieval using the {F}ourier-{M}ellin
-		transform},
-	  booktitle = {International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition (ICAPR'98)},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {S. Singh},
-	  pages = {73--82},
-	  publisher = {Springer},
-	  note = {(Plymouth, UK, 23--25 November 1998)},
-	  abstract = {Recent advances in storage, computing and communication technology
-		have created the need for efficient, user-friendly access methods
-		to multimedia archives. In this paper we address the problem of automatically
-		extracting visual descriptions suitable for indexing images and videos
-		in a database. A new method is proposed, and its applicability is
-		shown using a collection of still images extracted from a video archive.
-		Contrarily to classical approaches, which describe different image
-		aspects (e.g. color, shape, texture) separately, we take on a holistic
-		approach, through the use of integral transforms. In this way, a
-		unique multidimensional descriptor is available to represent all
-		image aspects, and the user is not required to combine multiple independent
-		rankings. With respect to other holistic approaches, such as those
-		based on the wavelet transform, we seek a superior robustness to
-		image transformations such as translation, rotation, and scaling.
-		[insert abstract2] Invariance to rotation, translation and scaling
-		has been verified for the ideal case of rigid 2D image transformations,
-		as well as using images that have been transformed through camera
-		motion (pan/tilt/rotation) and zooming effects. An experimental database
-		has been created using various TV news clips. Shots presenting considerable
-		camera motion, zooming, as well as unrestricted subject motion have
-		been detected, and a number of still images have been extracted from
-		each of them, for a total of 2'082 images. This shot-based clustering
-		naturally provides a ground truth for the desired similarity rankings.
-		Experimental results yield on average 67\% recall for the 12 top-ranked
-		hits, and 54\% precision at 100\% recall. This shows that, although
-		the signature is only meant to conceal rigid 2D euclidean transformations,
-		it is highly resilient to much more complex transformations (projection,
-		arbitrary subject motion, subject appearance/disappearance), and
-		seemingly captures perceptually relevant image features.},
-	  abstract2 = {The proposed image signature is obtained through the following steps.
-		First, translation invariance is obtained by computing the Fourier
-		power spectrum. A coordinate change from cartesian to logarithmic-polar
-		maps rotation and scaling transformations into shifts in the transformed
-		space. These quasi-invariant properties are preserved under projection
-		of this 2D representation onto two 1D normalized orthogonal subspaces.
-		The latter describe, respectively, the probability density of the
-		image's spectrum coefficients with respect to the orientation and
-		scale. Finally, complete invariance to rotation and scaling is again
-		achieved by computing the Fourier power spectrum of these vectors,
-		and by suppressing their even-symmetry components. In practice, this
-		image representation by two 2D signature vectors proves to be very
-		compact (64 coefficients for each color plane of 256x256 images)
-		and prone to efficient implementations, both for signature extraction
-		and for indexing (matching with other images of a database). Moreover
-		tools can easily be devised in order to identify the most relevant
-		aspects of a query image (e.g. its dominant frequency range, the
-		relevance of chromatic information, etc.). User-entered relevance
-		weights can indeed be employed to modulate the distance function
-		in the R64 space.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/MilaneseCherbuliezPun_icapr98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/MilaneseCherbuliezPun_icapr98.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MDJ1997,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Alain Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Video segmentation and camera motion characterization using compressed
-		data},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems II},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  editor = {C.-C. J. Kuo and Shih Fu Chang and Venkat N. Gudivada},
-	  volume = {3229},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {Dallas TX},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {We address the problem of automatically extracting visual indexes
-		from videos, in order to provide sophisticated access methods to
-		the contents of a video server. We focus on two tasks, namely the
-		decomposition of a video clip into uniform segments (shots) and the
-		characterization of each shot by camera motion parameters. For the
-		first task we use a Bayesian classification approach to detecting
-		scene cuts by analyzing motion vectors. For the second task a least-squares
-		fitting procedure determines the pan/tilt/zoom camera parameters.
-		In order to guarantee the highest processing speed, all techniques
-		process and analyze directly MPEG-1 motion vectors, without need
-		for video decompression. Experimental results are reported for a
-		database of news video clips.},
-	  keywords = {Shot detection, Camera motion, Video archival, Content-based retrievnal,
-		Bayesian classification, MPEG},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/MilaneseDeguillaumeJacot-Descombes_msasII.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/MilaneseDeguillaumeJacot-Descombes_msasII.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MDJ1998,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Alain Jacot-Descombes},
-	  title = {Efficient Segmentation and Camera Motion Indexing of Compressed Video},
-	  journal = {Journal of Real-Time Imaging},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  note = {(accepted for publication)},
-	  abstract = {In order to provide sophisticated access methods to the contents of
-		video servers, it is necessary to automatically process and represent
-		each video through a number of visual indexes. We focus on two tasks,
-		namely the hierarchical representation of a video as a sequence of
-		uniform segments (shots), and the characterization of each shot by
-		a vector describing the camera motion parameters. For the first task
-		we use a Bayesian classification approach to detecting scene cuts
-		by analyzing motion vectors. Adaptability to different compression
-		qualities is achieved by learning different classification masks.
-		For the second task, the optical flow is processed in order to distinguish
-		between stationary and moving shots. A least-squares fitting procedure
-		determines the pan/tilt/zoom camera parameters within shots that
-		present regular motion. Each shot is then indexed by a vector representing
-		the dominant motion components and the type of motion. In order to
-		minimize processing speed, all techniques process and analyze directly
-		MPEG-1 motion vectors, without need for video decompression. An overall
-		processing rate of 59 frames/s is achieved on software. The successful
-		classification performance, evaluated on various news video clips
-		for a total of 61,023 frames, attains 97.7\% for the shot segmentation,
-.4\% for the stationary vs. moving shot classification, and 94.7\%
-		for the detailed camera motion characterization.}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MGP1995,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Sylvia Gil and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Attentive mechanisms for dynamic and static scene analysis},
-	  journal = {Optical Engineering},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  volume = {34},
-	  pages = {2428--2434},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {8},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MJP1998,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Alain Jacot-Descombes and Thierry Pun and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Lori Petrucci and Michel Cherbuliez and Andr{\'e}
-		De Giacomi},
-	  title = {Distributed Video Editing, Archival and Retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  number = {98.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {February},
-	  note = {(Final Report, ACTS Project DVP, Distributed Video Production)},
-	  abstract = {Within the Distributed Video Production project (European Union ACTS
-		A089), the goal of the Distributed Video Editing, Archival and Retrieval
-		(DVER) application is to provide broadcasters with a complete solution
-		for distributed video post-production. This system should combine
-		together archival, retrieval, and editing functionalities in order
-		to increase the accessibility and reuse of archive material. Moreover,
-		the system should be geographically distributed, guarantee a high
-		degree of portability to different platforms, and employ digital
-		video using standard compression formats. All these objectives have
-		been achieved, and a complete prototype has been integrated and put
-		in operation by our end user (MegaChannel TV) for news post-production.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.02_MilaneseJacot-DescombesPun_et_al.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.02_MilaneseJacot-DescombesPun_et_al.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MiP1994,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Un mod\`ele computationnel de l'attention visuelle},
-	  booktitle = {NSI 94, 7\`emes Journ\'ees Neurosciences et Sciences de l'Ing\'enieur},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {19--22},
-	  address = {Chamonix, France},
-	  month = {May},
-	  note = {(extended abstract)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MPG1994,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun and Sylvia Gil and Jean-Marc Bost},
-	  title = {Exploiting dynamic aspects of visual perception for objects recognition},
-	  booktitle = {PerAc 94, From Perception to Action, Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {P. Gaussier and J.-D. Nicoud},
-	  pages = {193--205},
-	  month = {September},
-	  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:MPW1993,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun and Harry Wechsler},
-	  title = {A non-linear integration process for the selection of visual information},
-	  booktitle = {Intelligent Perceptual Systems: New Directions in Computational Perception},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  editor = {V. Roberto},
-	  volume = {745},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
-	  pages = {322--336},
-	  url = { ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/milanese/93.lnai.springer-verlag.ps.Z},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MPW1994,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun and Harry Wechsler},
-	  title = {Integration of bottom-up and top-down information for visual attention},
-	  booktitle = {4th AI*IA Congress, Workshop on Perception and Robotics, Parma, Italy},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MPW1992,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun and Harry Wechsler},
-	  title = {A bottom-up attention system for active vision},
-	  booktitle = {Second Workshop on Perception, AI*IA (Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza
-		Artificiale), Trieste},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MSP1996,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Indexing For Content-Based
-		Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Image Processing},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {P. Delogne},
-	  volume = {3},
-	  pages = {859--862},
-	  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes a two-stage statistical approach supporting content-based
-		search in image databases. The first stage performs correspondence
-		analysis, a factor analysis method transforming image attributes
-		into a reduced-size, uncorrelated factor space. The second stage
-		performs ascendant heirarchical classification, an iterative clustering
-		method which constructs a heirarchical index structure for the images
-		of the database. Experimental results supporting the applicability
-		of both techniques to data sets of heterogeneous images are reported.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/96/MSP96_icip_paper.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/96/MSP96_icip_paper.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MWG1994,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Harry Wechsler and Sylvia Gil and Jean-Marc
-		Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Integration of bottom-up and top-down cues for visual attention using
-		non-linear relaxation},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE - CVPR 94 (Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), Seattle,
-		Washington},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {781--785},
-	  month = {June},
-	  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
-	  url = { ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/milanese/94.06.cvpr94.300dpi.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MWG1994a,
-	  author = {Ruggero Milanese and Harry Wechsler and Sylvia Gil and Jean-Marc
-		Bost and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Integration of bottom-up and top-down cues for visual attention using
-		non-linear relaxation},
-	  institution = {International Computer Science Institute},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {TR-94-014},
-	  address = {Berkeley, CA},
-	  month = {March},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/94/tr-94-014.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Moenne-Loccoz2006,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo\"enne-Loccoz and Bruno Janvier and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Eric Bruno},
-	  title = {Handling Temporal Heterogeneous Data for Content-Based Management
-		of Large Video Collections},
-	  journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {31},
-	  pages = {309-325},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/b323103150v76742/}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{moenne2005b,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo\"enne-Loccoz and Bruno Janvier and St\'ephane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Eric Bruno},
-	  title = {Handling Temporal Heterogeneous Data for Content-Based Management
-		of Large Video Collections},
-	  journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  note = {(to appear)},
-	  url = {http://viper.unige.ch/lib/data/paperNotOnline.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{nml_amr05,
-	  author = {Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and Eric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand Maillet},
-	  title = {Interactive Retrieval of Video Sequences from Local Feature Dynamics},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia
-		Retrieval, AMR'05},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  address = {Glasgow, UK},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{nml_icip05,
-	  author = {Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and Eric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Interactive Partial Matching of Video Sequences in Large Collections},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'05)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  address = {Genova, Italy}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{moennePAA2005,
-	  author = {Nicolas Moenne-Loccoz and {\'E}ric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Knowledge-based Detection of Events in Video Streams from Salient
-		Regions of Activities},
-	  journal = {Pattern Analysis and Applications (PAA), special issue Video Event
-		Mining},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  note = {DOI: 10.1007/s10044-004-0235-0},
-	  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=ca2c7ba28940434893bb7ff52333bc1f\&referrer=parent\&backto=issue,1,9;journal,1,23;linkingpublicationresults,1:103609,1}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Mon1993,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Daniel Monteiro},
-	  title = {Etude, sp\'ecification et implantation sur machine r\'epartie d'un
-		syst\`eme modulaire de vision},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {November},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  note = {(travail r\'ealis\'e avec le groupe Parall\'elisme)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Moustakas:SIMILAR2006:MTIIVIDMP,
-	  author = {Konstantinos Moustakas and Georgios Nikolakis and Dimitrios Tzovaras
-		and Beno\^{i}t Deville and Guido Bologna and Ioannis Marras and Jakov
-		Pavlek},
-	  title = {Multimodal tools and interfaces for the intercommunication between
-		visually impaired and "deaf and mute" people},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the eNTERFACE 2006 Workshop},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {seecolor},
-	  address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
-	  month = {july--August}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Oct0304,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz},
-	  title = {Characterizing activity in video shots based on salient points},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {03.04},
-	  address = {rue General Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{moennen:2005:ICIP,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz and Eric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Interactive Partial Matching of Video Sequences in Large Collections},
-	  booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Image Processing},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Genova, Italy},
-	  month = {11-14 September},
-	  note = {accepted}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MoenneLoccoz04video,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz and {\'E}ric Bruno and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Video Content Representation as Salient Regions of Activity},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Dublin, Ireland}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MoenneLoccoz04managing,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz and Bruno Janvier and {\'E}ric Bruno and
-		St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Managing Video at Large},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Computer Vision meets Databases},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Paris, France}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MoenneLoccoz04integrating,
-	  author = {Nicolas Mo{\"e}nne-Loccoz and Bruno Janvier and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and {\'E}ric Bruno},
-	  title = {An Integrating Framework for the Management of Video Collections},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 First Workshop on Machine Learning and Multimodal
-		Interaction, {MLMI'04}},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3361},
-	  address = {Martigny, Switzerland},
-	  month = {June},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/moennen.mlmi04.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Muller04benchmarking,
-	  author = {Henning Muller and Antoine Geissbuhler and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Paul Clough},
-	  title = {Benchmarking Image Retrieval Applications},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th Internatinoal Conference on VISual Information
-		Systems {(VIS'2004)}},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {San Francisco, USA}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Mue2002,
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {{J}\"ager des verlorenen {F}otos - {D}as {GNU} {I}mage {F}inding
-		{T}ool in der {P}raxis},
-	  howpublished = {ct Magazin {f\"ur} Computertechnik, Volume 6, pp. 252--257},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  pages = {252--257}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:MulH2002,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {User interaction and evaluation in content-based visual information
-		retrieval},
-	  school = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {June},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Mue2001,
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {{S}uchen ohne {W}orte -- wie inhaltsbasierte {S}uche funktioniert},
-	  howpublished = {ct Magazin {f\"ur} Computertechnik, Volume 15, pp.162--172},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  pages = {162--172}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMP2002,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {The Truth About {C}orel -- Evaluation in Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of The Challenge of Image and Video Retrieval {(CIVR2002)}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {London, UK},
-	  month = {July},
-	  note = {(to appear)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMM2000b,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Strategies for positive and negative relevance feedback in image
-		retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition
-		(ICPR'2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {A. Sanfeliu and J.J. Villanueva and M. Vanrell and R. Alquezar and
-		J.-O. Eklundh and Y. Aloimonos},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  series = {Computer Vision and Image Analysis},
-	  pages = {1043-1046},
-	  address = {Barcelona, Spain},
-	  month = {sep 3--8},
-	  abstract = {Relevance feedback has been shown to be a very effective tool for
-		enhancing retrieval results in text retrieval. In content-based image
-		retrieval it is more and more frequently used and very good results
-		have been obtained. However, too much negative feedback may destroy
-		a query as good features get negative weightings. This paper compares
-		a variety of strategies for positive and negative feedback. The performance
-		evaluation of feedback algorithms is a hard problem. To solve this,
-		we obtain judgments from several users and employ an automated feedback
-		scheme. We can then evaluate different techniques using the same
-		judgments. Using automated feedback, the ability of a system to adapt
-		to the user s needs can be measured very effectively. Our study highlights
-		the utility of negative feedback, especially over several feedback
-		steps.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MullerHMuellerWMarchandPunSquire_icpr2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MullerHMuellerWMarchandPunSquire_icpr2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:IJMTA03,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A framework for benchmarking in visual information retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Int. Journal on Multimedia Tools and Applications (Kluwer), Special
-		Issue on Multimedia Information Retrieval},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  volume = {21},
-	  number = {2},
-	  pages = {55-73},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MMM2002,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A Framework for Benchmarking in Visual Information Retrieval},
-	  journal = {International Journal on Multimedia Tools and Applications},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  note = {(Special Issue on Multimedia Information Retrieval) - to appear}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMM2001,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Automated benchmarking in content-based image retrieval},
-	  institution = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {01.01},
-	  month = {May},
-	  abstract = {Benchmarking has always been a crucial problem in content-based image
-		retrieval (CBIR). A key issue is the lack of a common access method
-		to retrieval systems, such as SQL for relational databases. The Multimedia
-		Retrieval Mark-up Language (MRML) solves this problem by standardizing
-		access to CBIR systems (CBIRSs). Other difficult problems are also
-		shortly addressed, such as obtaining relevance judgments and choosing
-		a database for performance comparison. In this article we present
-		a fully automated benchmark for CBIRSs based on MRML, which can be
-		adapted to any image database and almost any kind of relevance judgment.
-		The test evaluates the performance of positive and negative relevance
-		feedback, which can be generated automatically from the relevance
-		judgments. To illustrate our purpose, a freely available, non-copyright
-		image collection is used to evaluate our CBIRS, \emph{Viper}. All
-		scripts described here are also freely available for download.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/MuellerHMuellerWMarchandSquirePun_tr01.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/MuellerHMuellerWMarchandSquirePun_tr01.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMMSP2001,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A Web-Based Evaluation System for Content-Based Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} Multimedia Workshop on Multimedia Information
-		Retrieval {(ACM} {MIR} 2001)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {50--54},
-	  address = {Ottawa, Canada}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMS2000e,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Learning features weights from user behavior in Content-Based Image
-		Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data
-		Mining (Workshop on Multimedia Data Mining MDM/KDD2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {S.J. Simoff and O.R. Zaiane},
-	  address = {Boston, MA, USA},
-	  month = {aug 20-23},
-	  abstract = {This article describes an algorithm for obtaining knowledge about
-		the importance of features from analyzing user log files of a content-based
-		image retrieval system (CBIRS). The user log files from the usage
-		of the \emph{Viper} web demonstration system a re analyzed over a
-		period of four months. Within this period about 3500 accesses to
-		the system were made w ith almost 800 multiple image queries. All
-		the actions of the users were logged in a file. The analysis only
-		includes multiple image queries of the system with positive and/or
-		negative input images, because only multiple image q ueries contain
-		enough information for the method described. Features frequently
-		present in images marked together positively in the same que ry step
-		get a higher weighting, whereas features present in one image marked
-		positively and an other image marked negatively in the same step
-		get a lower weighting. The \emph{Viper} system offers a very large
-		number of simple features. This allows the creation of flexible feature
-		weightings with high values for importan t and low values for less
-		important features. These weightings for features can of course differ
-		between collections and as well between users. The results are evaluated
-		with an experiment using the relevance judgments of re al users on
-		a database containing 2500 images. The results of the system with
-		learned weights are compared to the system withou t the learned feature
-		weights.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun_mdmkdd2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun_mdmkdd2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MMS2001,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Performance Evaluation in Content-Based Image Retrieval: Overview
-		and Proposals},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition Letters (Special Issue on Image and Video Indexing)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {22},
-	  pages = {593--601},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {5},
-	  note = {H. Bunke and X. Jiang Eds.},
-	  abstract = {Evaluation of retrieval performance is a crucial problem in content-based
-		image retrieval (CBIR). Many different methods for measuring the
-		performance of a system have been created and used by researchers.
-		This article discusses the advantages and shortcomings of the performance
-		measures currently used. Problems such as defining a common image
-		database for performance comparisons and a means of getting relevance
-		judgments (or ground truth) for queries are explained. The relationship
-		between CBIR and information retrieval (IR) is made clear, since
-		IR researchers have decades of experience with the evaluation problem.
-		Many of their solutions can be used for CBIR, despite the differences
-		between the fields. Several methods used in text retrieval are explained.
-		Proposals for performance measures and means of developing a standard
-		test suite for CBIR, similar to that used in IR at the annual Text
-		REtrieval Conference (TREC), are presented. (c) Copyright 2001, Elsevier
-		Science, All rights reserved.},
-	  url = {http://www.elsevier.nl/gej-ng/10/35/61/49/29/36/abstract.html}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMS2001a,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Automated Benchmarking in Content-based Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia
-		and Expo (ICME2001)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Tokyo, Japan},
-	  month = {August},
-	  abstract = {Benchmarking has always been a crucial problem in content-based image
-		retrieval (CBIR). A key issue is the lack of a common access method
-		to retrieval systems, such as SQL for relational databases. The Multimedia
-		Retrieval Mark-up Language (MRML) solves this problem by standardizing
-		access to CBIR systems (CBIRSs). Other difficult problems are also
-		shortly addressed, such as obtaining relevance judgments and choosing
-		a database for performance comparison. In this article we present
-		a fully automated benchmark for CBIRSs based on MRML, which can be
-		adapted to any image database and almost any kind of relevance judgment.
-		The test evaluates theperformance of positive and negative relevance
-		feedback, which can be generated automatically from the relevance
-		judgments. To illustrate our purpose, a freely available, non-copyright
-		image collection is used to evaluate our CBIRS, Viper. All scripts
-		described here are also freely available for download.},
-	  url = {http://www.giti.waseda.ac.jp/ICME2001/}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMS2000,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Strategies for positive and negative relevance feedback in image
-		retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {00.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {jan},
-	  abstract = {Relevance feedback has been shown to be a very effective tool for
-		enhancing retrieval results in text retrieval. In content-based image
-		retrieval it is more and more frequently used and very good results
-		have been obtained. However, too much negative feedback may destroy
-		a query as good features get negative weightings. This paper compares
-		a variety of strategies for positive and negative feedback. The performance
-		evaluation of feedback algorithms is a hard problem. To solve this,
-		we obtain judgments from several users and employ an automated feedback
-		scheme. We can then evaluate different techniques using the same
-		judgments. Using automated feedback, the ability of a system to adapt
-		to the user's needs can be measured very effectively. Our study highlights
-		the utility of negative feedback, especially over several feedback
-		steps.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.01_HMuellerWMuellerSquireMarchandPun.ps},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.01_HMuellerWMuellerSquireMarchandPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMS2000b,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Long-Term Learning from User Behavior in Content-Based Image Retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {00.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {mar},
-	  abstract = {This article describes a simple algorithm for obtaining knowledge
-		about the importance of features from analyzing user log files of
-		a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS). The user log files
-		of the usage of the Viper web demonstration system are analyzed over
-		a period of four months. In this time about 3500 accesses to the
-		system were made with 800 multiple image queries. The analysis only
-		takes into account multiple image queries of the system with positive
-		or negative input images, because only these queries contain enough
-		information for the method described in the paper. Features frequently
-		present in images marked together positively in the same query step
-		get a higher weighting whereas features present in an image marked
-		positively and another image marked negatively in the same step get
-		a lower weighting. The Viper system offers a very large number of
-		simple features which allows the creation of feature weightings with
-		high values for important and low values for less important features.
-		These weightings for features can of course differ for several collections
-		and as well for several users. The results are evaluated using the
-		relevance judgments of real users and compared to the system without
-		the long-term learning.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.04_MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.04_MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMS2000f,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Lernen von Merkmalsgewichtungen beim inhaltsbasierten Suchen in grossen
-		Bilddatenbanken (Content-based image retrieval)},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fachwissenschaftlicher Informatik-Kongress},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {304--307},
-	  address = {Bad Schussenried, Germany},
-	  month = {oct},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun_fik2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerHMuellerWSquireMarchandPun_fik2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMS2000a,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and Zoran Pe\u{c}enovi\'{c} and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {An Open Framework for Distributed Multimedia Retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {00.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {mar},
-	  abstract = {This article describes a framework for distributed multimedia retrieval
-		which permits the connection of compliant user interfaces with a
-		variety of multimedia retrieval engines via an open communication
-		protocol, MRML (Multi Media Retrieval Markup Language). It allows
-		the choice of image collection, feature set and query algorithm during
-		run--time, permitting multiple users to query a system adapted to
-		their needs, using the query paradigm adapted to their problem such
-		as query by example (QBE), browsing queries, or query by annotation.
-		User interaction is implemented over several levels and in diverse
-		ways. Relevance feedback is implemented using positive and negative
-		example images that can be used for a best--match QBE query. In contrast,
-		browsing methods try to ap proach the searched image by giving overviews
-		of the entire collection and by successive refinements. In addition
-		to these query methods, Long term off line learning is implemented.
-		It allows feature preferences per user, user domain or over all users
-		to be learned automatically. We present the Viper multimedia retrieval
-		system as the core of the framework and an example of an MRML-compliant
-		search engine. Viper uses techniques adapted from traditional information
-		retrieval (IR) to retrieve multimedia documents, thus benefiting
-		from the many years of IR research. As a result, textual and visual
-		features are treated in the same way, facilitating true multimedia
-		retrieval. The MRML protocol also allows other applications to make
-		use of the search engi nes. This can for example be used for the
-		design of a benchmark test suite, querying several search engines
-		in the same way and comparing the results. This is motivated by the
-		fact that the content--based image retrieval community really lacks
-		such a benchmark as it already exists in text retrieval.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.03_MuellerHMuellerWSquirePecenovicMarchandPun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.03_MuellerHMuellerWSquirePecenovicMarchandPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMS2000c,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and Zoran Pe\u{c}enovi\'{c} and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {An Open Framework for Distributed Multimedia Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Recherche d'Informations Assist\'ee par Ordinateur (RIAO'2000) Computer-Assisted
-		Information Retrieval},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  pages = {701--712.},
-	  address = {Paris, France},
-	  month = {apr 12-14},
-	  abstract = {This article describes a framework for distributed multimedia retrieval
-		which permits the connection of compliant user interfaces with a
-		variety of multimedia retrieval engines via an open communication
-		protocol, MRML (Multi Media Retrieval Markup Language). It allows
-		the choice of image collection, feature set and query algorithm during
-		run--time, permitting multiple users to query a system adapted to
-		their needs, using the query paradigm adapted to their problem such
-		as query by example (QBE), browsing queries, or query by annotation.
-		User interaction is implemented over several levels and in diverse
-		ways. Relevance feedback is implemented using positive and negative
-		example images that can be used for a best--match QBE query. In contrast,
-		browsing methods try to approach the searched image by giving overviews
-		of the entire collection and by successive refinement. In addition
-		to these query methods, Long term off line learning is implemented.
-		It allows feature preferences per user, user domain or over all users
-		to be learned automatically. We present the Viper multimedia retrieval
-		system as the core of the framework and an example of an MRML-compliant
-		search engine. Viper uses techniques adapted from traditional information
-		retrieval (IR) to retrieve multimedia documents, thus benefiting
-		from the many years of IR research. As a result, textual and visual
-		features are treated in the same way, facilitating true multimedia
-		retrieval. The MRML protocol also allows other applications to make
-		use of the search engnes. This can for example be used for the design
-		of a benchmark test suite, querying several search engines in the
-		same way and comparing the results. This is motivated by the fact
-		that the content--based image retrieval community really lacks such
-		a benchmark as it already exists in text retrieval.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MullerHMullerWSquirePecenovicMarchandPun_riao.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MullerHMullerWSquirePecenovicMarchandPun_riao.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMS1999,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Performance Evaluation in Content-Based Image Retrieval: Overview
-		and Proposals},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {99.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {dec},
-	  abstract = {Evaluation of retrieval performance is a crucial problem in content-based
-		image retrieval (CBIR). Many different methods for measuring the
-		performance of a system have been created and used by researchers.
-		This article discusses the advantages and shortcomings of the performance
-		measures currently used. Problems such as a common image database
-		for performance comparisons and a means of getting relevance judgments
-		(or ground truth) for queries are explained. The relationship between
-		CBIR and information retrieval (IR) is made clear, since IR researchers
-		have decades of experience with the evaluation problem. Many of their
-		solutions can be used for CBIR, despite the differences between the
-		fields. Several methods used in text retrieval are explained. Proposals
-		for performance measures and means of developing a standard test
-		suite for CBIR, similar to that used in IR at the annual Text REtrieval
-		Conference (TREC), are presented.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.05_HMuellerWMuellerSquirePun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.05_HMuellerWMuellerSquirePun.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MSM1999,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Efficient access methods for content-based image retrieval with inverted
-		files},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {99.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {July},
-	  abstract = {As human factor studies over the last thirty years have shown, response
-		time is a very important factor for the usability of an interactive
-		system, especially on the world wide web. In particular, response
-		times of under one second are often specified as a usability requirement
-		\cite{Nie97}. This paper compares several methods for improving the
-		evaluation time in a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS)
-		which uses inverted file technology. The use of the inverted file
-		technology facilitates search pruning in a variety of ways, as is
-		shown in this paper. For large databases ($> 2000$ images) and a
-		high number of possible features ($> 80000$), efficient and fast
-		access is necessary to allow interactive querying and browsing. Parallel
-		access to the inverted file can reduce the response time. This parallel
-		access is very easy to implement with little communication overhead,
-		and thus scales well. Other search pruning methods, similar to methods
-		used in information retrieval, can also reduce the response time
-		significantly without reducing the performance of the system. The
-		performance of the system is evaluated using precision vs. recall
-		graphs, which are an established evaluation method in information
-		retrieval. A user survey was carried out in order to obtain relevance
-		judgments for the queries reported in this work.},
-	  keywords = {inverted file, content-based image retrieval, efficient access, search
-		pruning, speed evaluation},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.02_MuellerSquireMuellerPun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.02_MuellerSquireMuellerPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MSM1999c,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Efficient access methods for content-based image retrieval with inverted
-		files},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems IV (VV02)},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  volume = {3846},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
-	  month = {20--22~September},
-	  note = {(SPIE Symposium on Voice, Video and Data Communications)},
-	  abstract = {As human factor studies over the last thirty years have shown, response
-		time is a very important factor for the usability of an interactive
-		system, especially on the world wide web. In particular, response
-		times of under one second are often specified as a usability requirement
-		\cite{Nie97}. This paper compares several methods for improving the
-		evaluation time in a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS)
-		which uses inverted file technology. The use of the inverted file
-		technology facilitates search pruning in a variety of ways, as is
-		shown in this paper. For large databases ($> 2000$ images) and a
-		high number of possible features ($> 80000$), efficient and fast
-		access is necessary to allow interactive querying and browsing. Parallel
-		access to the inverted file can reduce the response time. This parallel
-		access is very easy to implement with little communication overhead,
-		and thus scales well. Other search pruning methods, similar to methods
-		used in information retrieval, can also reduce the response time
-		significantly without reducing the performance of the system. The
-		performance of the system is evaluated using precision vs. recall
-		graphs, which are an established evaluation method in information
-		retrieval. A user survey was carried out in order to obtain relevance
-		judgments for the queries reported in this work.},
-	  keywords = {inverted file, content-based image retrieval, efficient access, search
-		pruning, speed evaluation},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerHSquireMuellerWPun_msasIV.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerHSquireMuellerWPun_msasIV.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MSM1999d,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Content-based image retrieval, bildinhaltsbasiertes Suchen in gro{\ss}en
-		Bilddatenbanken},
-	  booktitle = {Informatiktage 99},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Bad Schussenried, Germany},
-	  month = {12--13~November},
-	  abstract = {Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen neuen Ansatz im Bereich des content-based
-		image retrieval (CBIR), dem bildinhaltsbasierten Suchen in Bilddatenbanken
-		in der Regel ohne Annotationen. Gegen\"uber den herk\"ommlichen meist
-		vektorbasierten Verfahren werden hier Methoden des Text oder Information
-		Retrieval (IR) an die speziellen Bed\"urfnisse des Empfangs von Bildern
-		angepasst. Benutzerexperimente belegen die Leistungsf\"ahigkeit und
-		Flexibilit\"at des Verfahrens.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerHSquireMuellerWPun_it99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerHSquireMuellerWPun_it99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:IJCV03,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Learning from user behavior in image retrieval: application of the
-		market basket analysis},
-	  booktitle = {Int. J. of Comp. Vision, Special Issue on Content-Based Image Retrieval,
-		to appear},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Mul2001,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {Design and implementation of a flexible Content--Based Image Retrieval
-		Framework - The GNU Image Finding Tool},
-	  school = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMM2000c,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Henning
-		M{\"u}ller and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Towards a fair benchmark for image browsers},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics East, Voice, Video, and Data Communications},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Boston, MA, USA},
-	  month = {nov 5--8},
-	  abstract = {The recent literature has shown that the principal difficulty in multimedia
-		retrieval is the bridging of the "semantic gap" between the user's
-		wishes and his ability to fomulate queries. This insight has spawned
-		two main directions of research: Query By Example (QBE) with relevance
-		feedback (i.e. learning to improve the result of a previsously formulated
-		query) and the research in query formulation techniques, like browsing
-		or query by sketch. Browsing techniques try to help the user in finding
-		his target image, or an image which is sufficiently close to the
-		desired result that it can be used in a subsequent QBE query. From
-		the feature space viewpoint, each browsing system tries to permit
-		the user to move consciously in feature space and eventually reach
-		the target image. How to provide this functionality to the user is
-		presently an open question. In fact even obtaining objective performance
-		evaluation and comparison of these browsing paradigms is difficult.
-		We distinguish here between deterministic browsers, which try to
-		optimise the possibility for the user to learn how the system behaves,
-		and stochastic browsers based on more sophisticated Monte-Carlo algorithms
-		thus sacrificing reproducibility to a better performance. Presently,
-		these two browsing paradigms are practically incomparable, except
-		by large scale user studies. This makes it infeasible for research
-		groups to evaluate incremental improvement of browsing schemes. Moreover,
-		automated benchmarks in the current literature simulate a user by
-		a model derived directly from the distance measures used within the
-		tested systems. Such a circular reference cannot provide a serious
-		alternative to real user tests. In this paper, we present an automatic
-		benchmark which uses user-annotated collections for simulating the
-		semantic gap, thus providing a means for automatic evaluation and
-		comparison of the different browsing paradigms. We use a very precise
-		annotation of few words together with a thesaurus to provide sufficiently
-		smooth behaviour of the annotation-based user model. We discuss the
-		design and evaluation of this annotation as well as the implementation
-		of the benchmark in an MRML-compliant script with pluggable modules
-		which allow testing of new interaction schemes (see http://www.mrml.net).},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWMarchandMuellerHPun_spie2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWMarchandMuellerHPun_spie2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:MMMSP2001a,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Henning
-		M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Evaluating Image Browsers Using Structured Annotation},
-	  journal = {Journal of American for Information Science and Technology (JASIST)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {52},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {11}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MMM2000,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Thierry Pun and David McG. Squire and Zoran Pe\u{c}enovi\'{c}
-		and Christoph Giess and Arjen P. de Vries},
-	  title = {{MRML}: A Communication Protocol for Content-Based Image Retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {00.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {mar},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we introduce and describe the Multimedia Retrieval Markup
-		Language (MRML). This XML-based markup language is the basis for
-		an open communication protocol for content-based image retrieval
-		systems (CBIRSs). MRML was initially designed as a means of separating
-		CBIR engines from their user interfaces. It is, however, also extensible
-		as the basis for standardized performance evaluation procedures.
-		Such a tool is essential for the formulation and implementation of
-		common benchmarks for CBIR. A common protocol can also bring new
-		dynamics to the CBIR field---it makes the development of new systems
-		faster and more efficient, and opens the door of the CBIR research
-		field to other disciplines such as Human-Computer Interaction. The
-		MRML specifications, as well as the first MRML-compliant applications,
-		are freely available and are introduced in this paper.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.02_MuellerWMuellerHMarchandPunSquireGiessVries.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VGTR00.02_MuellerWMuellerHMarchandPunSquireGiessVries.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMM2000a,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Thierry Pun and David McG. Squire and Zoran Pe\u{c}enovi\'{c}
-		and Christoph Giess and Arjen P. de Vries},
-	  title = {{MRML}: A Communication Protocol for Content-Based Image Retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {International Conference on Visual Information Systems (Visual 2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Lyon, France},
-	  month = {nov 2--4},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we introduce and describe the Multimedia Retrieval Markup
-		Language (MRML). This XML-based markup language is the basis for
-		an open communication protocol for content-based image retrieval
-		systems (CBIRSs). MRML was initially designed as a means of separating
-		CBIR engines from their user interfaces. It is, however, also extensible
-		as the basis for standardised performance evaluation procedures.
-		Such a tool is essential for the formulation and implementation of
-		common benchmarks for CBIR. A common protocol can also bring new
-		dynamics to the CBIR field --- it makes the development of new systems
-		faster and more efficient, and opens the door of the CBIR research
-		field to other disciplines such as Human-Computer Interaction. The
-		MRML specifications, as well as the first MRML-compliant applications,
-		are freely available and are introduced in this paper.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWMuellerHMarchandPunSquireGiessVries_visual2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWMuellerHMarchandPunSquireGiessVries_visual2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MMM2000d,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Thierry Pun and David McG. Squire and Zoran Pecenovic and Christof
-		Giess and Arjen P. de Vries},
-	  title = {MRML: A communication protocol for content-based multimedia retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proposal, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, MPEG00/M6099, Int. Organiz. for
-		Standardization, Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Geneva},
-	  month = {May 30 - June 2}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MPV1999,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Zoran Pe\u{c}enovi\'{c} and Arjen P. de Vries
-		and David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {{MRML}: Towards an extensible standard for multimedia querying and
-		benchmarking (Draft Proposal)},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {99.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.04_WMuellerPecenovicdeVriesSquireHMuellerPun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.04_WMuellerPecenovicdeVriesSquireHMuellerPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MPM2000,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Zoran Pecenovic and Henning M{\"u}ller and
-		St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun and David McG. Squire
-		and Arjen P. De Vries and Christoph Giess},
-	  title = {MRML: An Extensible Communication Protocol for Interoperability and
-		Benchmarking of Multimedia Information Retrieval Systems},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics East - Voice, Video, and Data Communications},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Boston, MA, USA},
-	  month = {nov 5--8},
-	  abstract = {While in the area of relational databases interoperability is ensured
-		by common communication protocols (e.g. ODBC/JDBC using SQL), Content
-		Based Image Retrieval Systems (CBIRS) and other multimedia retrieval
-		systems are lacking both a common query language and a common communication
-		protocol. Besides its obvious short term convenience, interoperability
-		of systems is crucial for the exchange and analysis of user data.
-		In this paper, we present and describe an extensible XML-based query
-		markup language, called MRML (Multimedia Retrieval Markup Language).
-		MRML is primarily designed so as to ensure interoperability between
-		different content based multimedia retrieval systems. Further, MRML
-		allows researchers to preserve their freedom in extending their system
-		as needed. MRML encapsulates multimedia queries in a way that enables
-		multimedia (MM) query languages, MM content descriptions, MM query
-		engines, and MM user interfaces to grow independently from each other,
-		reaching a maximum of interoperability while ensuring a maximum of
-		freedom for the developer. For benefiting from this, only a few simple
-		design principles have to be respected when extending MRML for one's
-		private needs. The design of extensions within the MRML framework
-		will be described in detail in the paper. MRML has been implemented
-		and tested for the CBIRS Viper, using the user interface SnakeCharmer.
-		Both are under GNU Public License and can be downloaded at http://viper.unige.ch/download/},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWPecenovicMuellerHMarchandPunSquireDeVriesGiess_spie2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/MuellerWPecenovicMuellerHMarchandPunSquireDeVriesGiess_spie2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:MSM1999a,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Hunting moving targets: an extension to {B}ayesian methods in multimedia
-		databases},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {99.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {July},
-	  abstract = {It has been widely recognised that the difference between the level
-		of abstraction of the formulation of a query (by example) and that
-		of the desired result (usually an image with certain semantics) calls
-		for the use of learning methods that try to bridge this gap. Cox
-		\emph{et al.}~have proposed a Bayesian method to learn the user's
-		preferences during each query. Cox \emph{et al.}\'s system, \texttt{PicHunter},
-		is designed for optimal performance when the user is searching for
-		a fixed target image. The performance of the system was evaluated
-		using target testing, which ranks systems according to the number
-		of interaction steps required to find the target, leading to simple,
-		easily reproducible experiments. There are some aspects of image
-		retrieval, however, which are not captured by this measure. In particular,
-		the possibility of query drift (i.e.~a moving target) is completely
-		ignored. The algorithm proposed by Cox \emph{et al.}~does not cope
-		well with a change of target at a late query stage, because it is
-		assumed that user feedback is noisy, but consistent. In the case
-		of a moving target, however, the feedback is noisy \emph{and} inconsistent
-		with earlier feedback. In this paper we propose an enhanced Bayesian
-		scheme which selectively forgets inconsistent user feedback, thus
-		enabling both the program and the user to ``change their minds''.
-		The effectiveness of this scheme is demonstrated in moving target
-		tests on a database of heterogeneous real-world images.},
-	  keywords = {relevance feedback, query drift, target testing, Bayesian methods,
-		user modelling},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.03_MuellerSquireMuellerPun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.03_MuellerSquireMuellerPun.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:MSM1999b,
-	  author = {Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Hunting moving targets: an extension to {B}ayesian methods in multimedia
-		databases},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems IV (VV02)},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  volume = {3846},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
-	  month = {20--22~September},
-	  note = {(SPIE Symposium on Voice, Video and Data Communications)},
-	  abstract = {It has been widely recognised that the difference between the level
-		of abstraction of the formulation of a query (by example) and that
-		of the desired result (usually an image with certain semantics) calls
-		for the use of learning methods that try to bridge this gap. Cox
-		\emph{et al.}~have proposed a Bayesian method to learn the user's
-		preferences during each query. Cox \emph{et al.}\'s system, \texttt{PicHunter},
-		is designed for optimal performance when the user is searching for
-		a fixed target image. The performance of the system was evaluated
-		using target testing, which ranks systems according to the number
-		of interaction steps required to find the target, leading to simple,
-		easily reproducible experiments. There are some aspects of image
-		retrieval, however, which are not captured by this measure. In particular,
-		the possibility of query drift (i.e.~a moving target) is completely
-		ignored. The algorithm proposed by Cox \emph{et al.}~does not cope
-		well with a change of target at a late query stage, because it is
-		assumed that user feedback is noisy, but consistent. In the case
-		of a moving target, however, the feedback is noisy \emph{and} inconsistent
-		with earlier feedback. In this paper we propose an enhanced Bayesian
-		scheme which selectively forgets inconsistent user feedback, thus
-		enabling both the program and the user to ``change their minds''.
-		The effectiveness of this scheme is demonstrated in moving target
-		tests on a database of heterogeneous real-world images.},
-	  keywords = {relevance feedback, query drift, target testing, Bayesian methods,
-		user modelling},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerWSquireMuellerHPun_msasIV.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/MuellerWSquireMuellerHPun_msasIV.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:CBMI03c,
-	  author = {Henning M{\"}uller and Antoine Geissbuhler and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {Extension to the Multimedia Retrieval Markup Language: A communication
-		protocol for content-based image retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia
-		Indexing, CBMI'03},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Rennes, France},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Nar1990,
-	  author = {Philippe Narbel},
-	  title = {An analytical and critical review of shape-from-shading},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Nar1990a,
-	  author = {Philippe Narbel},
-	  title = {Lo{G} zero-crossings and their limitations},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Nar1988,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Philippe Narbel},
-	  title = {Perception des formes: que faire de toutes ces lueurs, de toutes
-		ces ombres? {O}ui, qu'en faire? {L}a m\'ethode du Shape-from-shading},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:NaP19,
-	  author = {Philippe Narbel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Journey through scale-space},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {89.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:NaP1989,
-	  author = {Philippe Narbel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Searching for resolution focusing: a journey through scale-spaces},
-	  booktitle = {1st SGAICO Conference, Computer Vision Workshop, Yverdon-Les-Bains,
-		Switzerland},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pallotta04towards,
-	  author = {Vincenzo Pallotta and Afzal Ballim and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet
-		and Agnes Lisowska},
-	  title = {Towards Meeting Information Sytems: Meeting Knowledge Management},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Enterprise Information
-		Sytems {(ICEIS 04)}},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Porto, Portugal}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Grave2003:HBM2003:DNIBCI,
-	  author = {R. Grave de Peralta Menendez and S. Gonzalez Andino and J. Millan
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Direct non-invasive brain computer interfaces},
-	  booktitle = {Human Brain Mapping},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {New York, USA},
-	  month = {June 18-22}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Peir2000,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira},
-	  title = {Robust Digital Image Watermarking},
-	  school = {Computer Vision Group -CUI - University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  abstract = {Invisible Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. While a myriad
-		of algorithms have appeared in recent years, a number of problems
-		remain. In this thesis we develop methods for robustly embedding
-		and extracting 60 to 100 bits of information from an image. These
-		bits can be used to link a buyer and a seller to a given image and
-		consequently be used for copyright protection. When embedding the
-		watermark, a fundamental tradeoff must be made between robustness,
-		visibility and capacity. Robustness refers to the fact that the watermark
-		must survive against attacks from potential pirates. Visibility refers
-		to the requirement that the watermark be imperceptible to the eye.
-		Finally, capacity refers to the amount of information that the watermark
-		must carry. We present 2 fundamentally different approaches. The
-		first approach is based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT),
-		the magnitude of which is used for embedding bits. Affine transformations
-		on an image lead to corresponding affine transformations in the DFT
-		which suggests that the DFT can be used to recover watermarks which
-		have undergone such transformations. We propose the use of a template
-		consisting of peaks in the DFT domain. If the image is transformed,
-		the peaks are detected and the transformation is detected by solving
-		a point matching problem. In order to ensure that the watermark is
-		invisible, a noise visibility function is calculated in the spatial
-		domain and after the embedding is performed in the DFT domain, the
-		pixels are modulated in the spatial domain to ensure invisibility.
-		Our results indicate that the proposed method successfully recovers
-		watermarks from transformed images, but is relatively weak against
-		compression and cropping. In recent years it has been recognized
-		that embedding information in a transform domain leads to more robust
-		watermarks. A major difficulty in watermarking in a transform domain
-		lies in the fact that constraints on the allowable distortion at
-		any pixel are usually specified in the spatial domain. Consequently
-		the second approach consists of a general framework for optimizing
-		the watermark strength in the trans- form domain when the visibility
-		constraints are specified in the spatial domain. The main idea is
-		to structure the watermark embedding as a linear programming prob-
-		lem in which we wish to maximize the strength of the watermark subject
-		to a set of linear constraints on the pixel distortions as determined
-		by a masking function. We consider the special cases of embedding
-		in the DCT domain and wavelet domainusing the Haar wavelet and Daubechies
--tap filter in conjunction with a masking function based on a non-stationary
-		Gaussian model, but the algorithm is applicable to any combination
-		of transform and masking functions. Unfortunately the algorithm is
-		not applicable to the DFT since the computational complexity of global
-		transfor- mations is overwhelming. Our results indicate that the
-		proposed approach performs well against lossy compression such as
-		JPEG and other types of filtering which do not change the geometry
-		of the image, however at this time the watermark cannot be recovered
-		from images which have undergone an affine transformation. As a second
-		aspect of the thesis we also develop robust evaluation methods. This
-		consists of two parts. Firstly we develop a new approach for evaluating
-		watermark visibility based on the Watson metric. The results indicate
-		that the perceptual quality as measured by the Watson metric is consistently
-		more accurate than that provided by the typically used PSNR criterion.
-		We also define a new benchmark consisting of attacks which take into
-		account prior information about the watermark and the image. These
-		attacks are much more powerful than the ones available in other bench-
-		marking tools which do not use prior information, but rather perform
-		general image processing operations. Our results relative tothe proposed
-		benchmark indicate that the optimized non-linear embedding approach
-		we developed performs markedly better than existing commercial software
-		which suggests that future research should consist of pursuing these
-		lines rather than the linear additive watermarking paradigm dealt
-		with in the bulk of the literature.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/Pereira_thesis2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/Pereira_thesis2000.ps.gz},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:POD1999,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Gabriella Csurka and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Template based recovery of Fourier-based watermarks using log-polar
-		and log-log maps},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE Multimedia Systems 99, International Conference on Multimedia
-		Computing and Systems},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  pages = {870--874},
-	  address = {Florence, Italy},
-	  month = {7--11~June},
-	  abstract = {Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. This paper
-		describes a method for the secure and robust copyright protection
-		of digital images. We present an approach for embedding a digital
-		watermark into an image using the fast Fourier transform. To this
-		watermark is added a template in the Fourier transform domain to
-		render the method robust against rotations and scaling, or aspect
-		ratio changes. We detail a new algorithm based on the log-polar or
-		log-log maps for the accurate and efficient recovery of the template
-		in a rotated and scaled image. We also present results which demonstrate
-		the robustness of the method against some common image processing
-		operations such as compression, rotation, scaling and aspect ratio
-		changes.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraORuanaidhDeguillaumeCsurkaPun_icmcs99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraORuanaidhDeguillaumeCsurkaPun_icmcs99.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PeP2000,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {An Iterative Template Matching Algorithm Using the Chirp-Z Transform
-		for Digital Image Watermarking},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  volume = {33},
-	  pages = {173-175},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {1},
-	  month = {jan},
-	  abstract = {Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. This paper
-		describes a method for the secure and robust copyright protection
-		of digital images. The key contribution lies in the development of
-		a fast iterative template matching algorithm based on log-log or
-		log-polar maps. The algorithm exploits the properties of the Chirp-Z
-		transform to obtain the accuracy needed in the detection of transformations
-		in realistic watermarking applications. Test results verify the robustness
-		of the method.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraPun_PR2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraPun_PR2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PeP2000a,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A framework for optimal adaptive DCT watermarks},
-	  booktitle = {Tenth European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO'2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Tampere, Finland},
-	  month = {sep 5--8},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we address the problem of robustly embedding 64 bits
-		into an image while taking into account the HVS. The proposed method
-		is general in that any mask can be adopted. The main advantage of
-		the framework we present is that we demonstrate how to optimally
-		embed a watermark given the constraints imposed by the mask in the
-		spatial domain. This is in sharp contrast with the bulk of publications
-		which embed a watermark in the DCT domain and then truncate or modulate
-		in the spatial domain in order to satisfy masking con- straints.
-		The problem with these approaches is that spatial domain truncation
-		or modulation leads inevitably to the degradation of the watermark
-		in the DCT domain. Results indicate that our proposed approach is
-		robust against JPEG compression at a quality factor of 30 images
-		of size 64 by 64.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraPun_eusipco2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraPun_eusipco2000.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PeP1999,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Fast robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {International Workshop on Information Hiding},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {LNCS 1768},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {200--210},
-	  address = {Dresden, Germany},
-	  month = {29~September~--1~October},
-	  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
-	  abstract = {Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. This paper
-		describes a method for the secure and robust copyright protection
-		of digital images. We present an approach for embedding a digital
-		watermark into an image using the Fourier transform. To this watermark
-		is added a template in the Fourier transform domain to render the
-		method robust against general linear transformations. We detail a
-		new algorithm for the accurate and efficient recovery of the template
-		in an image which has undergone a general affine transformation.
-		Furthermore we demonstrate how the template can be used as a tool
-		for asserting the presence of a watermark. We also systematically
-		evaluate the algorithm and present results which demonstrate the
-		robustness of the method against some common image processing operations
-		such as compression, rotation, scaling and aspect ratio changes.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraPun_wih99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraPun_wih99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:POP1999,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Joe J. K. {\'O}~Ruanaidh and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Secure robust digital watermarking using the {L}apped {O}rthogonal
-		{T}ransform},
-	  booktitle = {IS\&T/SPIE 11th Annual Symposium, Electronic Imaging '99: Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Wah Wong, Ping and Edward J. Delp},
-	  volume = {3657},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {21--30},
-	  address = {San Jose, California USA},
-	  month = {23--29~January},
-	  note = {Paper EI 3657-03 (Program on Multimedia Processing and Applications)},
-	  abstract = {Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. One approach
-		to Transform Domain image watermarking is to divide the image into
-		separate blocks and compute the transform of each block. The watermark
-		is inserted in the transform domain and the inverse transform is
-		then computed. Such an approach is particularly effective against
-		JPEG compression where 8 x 8 blocks are used in conjunction with
-		the DCT. Using small blocks allows the watermark to be embedded adaptively
-		as a function of the luminance and texture. However for small block
-		sizes blocking artifacts are observed when the strength of the watermark
-		is increased. In order to circumvent this problem, we propose a new
-		approach based on Lapped Orthogonal Transforms (LOT) in which the
-		watermark is inserted adaptively into the LOT domain. Robustness
-		of the watermark to operations such as lossy compression is achieved
-		by using a spread spectrum signal which is added in the LOT domain.
-		The keys used to embed the spread spectrum signal are generated,
-		certified, authenticated and securely distributed using a public
-		key infrastructure containing an electronic copyright office and
-		a certification authority. In addition to the above we propose using
-		an invisible template to reverse the effects of rotation, rescaling
-		and cropping on a watermarked image. This separate invisible template
-		is based on the properties of the Fourier Transform. Finally, we
-		objectively evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in
-		order to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique with
-		respect to a number of common image processing operations including
-		JPEG compression, rotation, scaling and cropping.},
-	  keywords = {image processing, electronic commerce, pattern recognition},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraORuanaidhPun_eiswmc99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PereiraORuanaidhPun_eiswmc99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PVM2001a,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Maribel Madue{\~n}o
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Second generation benchmarking and application oriented evaluation},
-	  booktitle = {Information Hiding Workshop},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
-	  month = {apr},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/PereiraVoloshynovskiyMaduenoMarchandPun_ihw2001.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/PereiraVoloshynovskiyMaduenoMarchandPun_ihw2001.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PVP2000,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Optimized wavelet domain watermark embedding strategy using linear
-		programming},
-	  booktitle = {Wavelet Applications VII (part of SPIE AeroSense 2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Harold H. Szu and Martin Vetterli},
-	  address = {Orlando, Florida USA},
-	  month = {April 26--28},
-	  abstract = {Invisible Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. In recent
-		years it has been recognized that embedding information in a transform
-		domain leads to more robust watermarks. In particular, several approaches
-		based on the Wavelet Transform have been proposed to address the
-		problem of image watermarking. The advantage of the wavelet transform
-		relative to the DFT or DCT is that it allows for localized watermarking
-		of the image. A major di culty, however, in watermarking in any transform
-		domain lies in the fact that constraints on the allowable distortion
-		at any pixel are speci ed in the spatial domain. In order to insert
-		an invisible watermark, the current trend has been to model the Human
-		Visual System (HVS) and specify a masking function which yields the
-		allowable distortion for any pixel. This complex function combines
-		contrast, luminance, color, texture and edges. The watermark is then
-		inserted in the transform domain and the inverse transform computed.
-		The watermark is nally adjusted to satisfy the constraints on the
-		pixel distortions. However this method is highly suboptimal since
-		it leads to irreversible losses at the embedding stage because the
-		watermark is being adjusted in the spatial domain with no care for
-		the consequences in the transform domain. The central contribution
-		of the paper is the proposal of an approach which takes into account
-		the spatial domain constraints in an optimal fashion. The main idea
-		is to structure the watermark embedding as a linear programming problem
-		in which we wish to maximize the strength of the watermark subject
-		to a set of linear constraints on the pixel distortions as determined
-		by amasking function. We consider the Haar wavelet and Daubechies
--tap filter in conjunction with a masking function based on a non-stationary
-		Gaussian model, but the algorithm is applicable to any combination
-		of transform and masking functions. Our results indicate that the
-		proposed approach performs well against lossy compression such as
-		JPEG and other types of filtering which do not change the geometry
-		of the image.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_spie2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_spie2000.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PVP2001,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Optimal transform domain watermark embedding via linear programming},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing, Special Issue: Information Theoretic Issues in
-		Digital Watermarking},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  note = {(to appear)},
-	  abstract = {Invisible Digital watermarks have been proposed as a method for discouraging
-		illicit copying and distribution of copyright material. In recent
-		years it has been recognized that embedding information in a transform
-		domain leads to mo re robust watermarks. A major difficulty inwatermarking
-		in a transform domain lies in the fact that constraints on the allowable
-		distortion at any pixel may be speci ed in the spatial domain. The
-		central contribution of the paper is the proposal of an approach
-		which takes into account spatial domain constraints in an optimal
-		fashion. The main idea is to structure the watermark embedding as
-		a linear programming problem in which we wish to maximize the strength
-		of the watermark subject to a set of lin- ear constraints on the
-		pixel distortions as determined by a masking function. We consider
-		the special cases of embedding in the DCT domain and wavelet domain
-		using the Haar wavelet and Daubechies 4-tap lter in conjunction with
-		a masking function based on a non-stationary Gaussian model, but
-		the algorithm is applicable to any combination of transform and masking
-		functions. Our results indicate that the proposed approach performs
-		well against lossy compression such as JPEG and other types of ltering
-		which do not change the geometry of the image.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_sigProc2001.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_sigProc2001.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PVP2000a,
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Effective channel coding for DCT watermarks},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2000},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Vancouver, Canada},
-	  month = {September 10--13},
-	  abstract = {We describe effective channel coding strategies which can be used
-		in conjunction with linear programming optimization techniques for
-		the embedding of robust perceptually adaptive DCT domain watermarks.
-		The main contributions lie in the proposal of a coding strategy based
-		on the magnitude of a DCT coefficient, the use of turbo codes for
-		effec-tive error correction, and finally the incorporation of JPEG
-		quantization tables at embedding.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_icip2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PereiraVoloshynovskiyPun_icip2000.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:PVP2000b,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Shelby Pereira and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A method for generating and decoding image dependant watermarks},
-	  howpublished = {European Patent Application PCT/IB00/00494},
-	  month = {Filed April 20},
-	  year = {2000}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{PerezFreire:MMSP2004,
-	  author = {L. Perez-Freire and F. Perez-Gonzalez and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Revealing the true achievable rates of scalar Costa scheme},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Siena, Italy},
-	  month = {September 29 - October 1},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/PerezFreirePerezGonzalezVoloshynovskiy_MMSP2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Per1988,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Ren{\'e} Perrier},
-	  title = {Labo {I}mage: conception et r\'ealisation d'un logiciel de morphologie
-		math\'ematique \`a niveaux de gris},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {July},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Per1997,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Adrian Perrig},
-	  title = {A copyright protection environment for digital images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {March},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  note = {(work conducted in collaboration with: r3 Security Engineering, Switzerland,
-		and the Operating Systems Laboratory, EPF-Lausanne, Switzerland)}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:POR1997,
-	  author = {Adrian Perrig and Joe {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Christian Rauber and Alexander
-		Herrigel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The design of a digital watermarking application},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva and
-		{R3} Security Engineering},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {97.07},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Pet1997,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {dvp,cbir},
-	  author = {Lori Petrucci},
-	  title = {Interfaces d'archivage et de recherche pour la post-production de
-		documents vid\'eo},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1997}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PHR2000,
-	  author = {Lori Petrucci and Eric Harth and Patrick Roth and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {{WebSound}: a generic {W}eb sonification tool, and its application
-		to an auditory {W}eb browser for blind and visually impaired users},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Auditory Display
-		(ICAD 2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  month = {2--5~apr},
-	  abstract = {The inherent visual nature of Internet browsers makes the Web inaccessible
-		to the visually impaired. Although several non-visual browsers have
-		been developed, they usually transform the visual content of HTML
-		documents into textual information only, that can be rendered by
-		a text-to-speech converter or a Braille device. The loss of spatial
-		layout and of textual attributes should be avoided since they often
-		bear visually important information. Moreover, typical non-visual
-		Internet browsers do not allow visually impaired and sighted individuals
-		to easily work together using the same environment. This paper presents
-		WebSound, a new generic Web sonification tool and its application
-		to a 3D audio augmented Internet browser (Internet Explorer 5.0)
-		developed by the Computer Vision Group at the University of Geneva.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PetrucciHarthRothAssimacopoulosPun_icad2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PHR2000a,
-	  author = {Lori Petrucci and Eric Harth and Patrick Roth and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {{WebSound}: a generic {W}eb sonification tool allowing {HCI} researchers
-		to dynamically create new access modalities},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
-		(CHI 2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  month = {1--6~apr},
-	  abstract = {The World Wide Web (WWW) has recently become the main source of digital
-		information accessible everywhere and by everyone. Nevertheless,
-		the inherent visual nature of Internet browsers makes the Web inaccessible
-		to the visually impaired. To solve this problem, non-visual browsers
-		have been developed. One of the new problems, however, with those
-		non-visual browsers is that they often transform the visual content
-		of HTML documents into textual information only, that can be restituted
-		by a text-to-speech converter or a Braille device. The loss of spatial
-		layout, and textual attributes such as boldface, italic, underline,
-		color or even size should be avoided since they often bear visually
-		important information. Moreover, typical non-visual Internet browsers
-		do not allow visually impaired and sighted individuals to easily
-		work together using the same environment. These new problems have
-		to be solved with new alternative non-visual display techniques.
-		This paper presents WebSound, a new generic Web sonification tool
-		and its application to a 3D audio augmented Internet browser (Internet
-		Explorer 5.0) developed at the University of Geneva.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/PetrucciHarthRothAssimacopoulosPun_chi2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRA1999,
-	  author = {Lori Petrucci and Patrick Roth and Andre Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {An audio browser for increasing access to World Wide Web sites for
-		blind and visually impaired computer users},
-	  booktitle = {8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI'99},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Munich, Germany},
-	  month = {22--27~August}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Pfu2001,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Thomas Pfund},
-	  title = {Cr\'eation D'une Interface Web Dynamique Pour L'annotation D'images},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (BSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  url = {http://viper.unige.ch/annotate}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PMM2002,
-	  author = {Thomas Pfund and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet},
-	  title = {A Dynamic Multimedia Annotation Tool},
-	  booktitle = {Proccedings of {SPIE} Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2002, Internet
-		Imaging {III}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {G. Beretta and R. Schettini Eds},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Pignat:2007:fMRI,
-	  author = {J.-M. Pignat and Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {From non-stationary Gaussian modelling to independent component analysis:
-		an fMRI study},
-	  booktitle = {Lemanic-Neuroscience Annual Meeting},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Les Diablerets, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September 14--15},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Pignat:Brain2005:NGSPMFD,
-	  author = {J.-M. Pignat and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and
-		V. Ibanez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Non-stationary Gaussian spatio-temporal modeling of fMRI data},
-	  booktitle = {Brain'05 {\&} BrainPET'05, XXIInd International Symposium on Cerebral
-		Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Function and VIIth International Conference
-		on Quantification of Brain Function with PET, June 7-11, 2005, Vrije
-		Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Pignat:Diablerets2004:NGSPMFD,
-	  author = {J.-M. Pignat and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and
-		V. Ibanez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Non-stationary Gaussian spatio-temporal modeling of fMRI data},
-	  booktitle = {First Meeting of the Lemanic Neuroscience Programs, UniGe/UNIL Doctoral
-		School in Neuroscience and the EPFL Doctoral Program},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Les Diablerets, Switzerland},
-	  month = {27-28 September}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Pin1994,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Nicolas Pinaud},
-	  title = {Traitement d'images bas-niveaux: interfa\c cage entre cam\'era couleur,
-		carte d'acquisition Matrox et logiciel de vision par ordinateur {KBV}ision},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {May},
-	  year = {1994}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Pingault2003,
-	  author = {M. Pingault and E. Bruno and D. Pellerin},
-	  title = {A Robust Multiscale B-spline Function Decomposition Process to Motion
-		Transparency Estimation},
-	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Image Processing },
-	  year = {2003},
-	  volume = {12},
-	  pages = {1416- 1426},
-	  number = {11},
-	  month = {November},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.10.09},
-	  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?isNumber=27803\&prod=JNL\&arnumber=1240108\&arSt=+1416\&ared=+1426\&arAuthor=+Pingault,+M.;++Bruno,+E.;++Pellerin,+D.\&arNumber=1240108\&a_id0=1240098\&a_id1=1240099\&a_id2=1240100\&a_id3=1240101\&a_id4=1240102\&a_id5=1240103\&a_id6=1240104\&a_id7=1240105\&a_id8=1240106\&a_id9=1240107\&a_id10=1240108\&a_id11=1240109\&count=12}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Pin1991,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Sujiva Pinnagoda},
-	  title = {Vision par ordinateur: {E}tude et d\'etection des propri\'et\'es
-		non-accidentelles},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {December},
-	  year = {1991}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PVSHL2001,
-	  author = {I. Prudyus and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and A. Synyavskyy and T.
-		Holotyak and L. Lazko},
-	  title = { Generalized radar/radiometry imaging problems },
-	  journal = { Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology },
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {4},
-	  pages = {15-20},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/GeneralizedRadarRadiometryImagingProblems.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Pug2001,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Laurent Pugin},
-	  title = {Superposition de Partitions Muicales},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (BSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {November},
-	  year = {2001}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:Pun1992,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Electromagnetic models for perceptual grouping},
-	  booktitle = {Advances in Machine Vision: Strategies and Applications},
-	  publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  editor = {C. Archibald and E. Petriu},
-	  pages = {129--149},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/92/Pun_MachVis_EMGrp.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/92/Pun_MachVis_EMGrp.pdf},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1995,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {De la reconnaissance des formes \`a la vision artificielle},
-	  booktitle = {La Relation \`a l'Environnement: des R\'eseaux Informatiques aux
-		R\'eseaux Biologiques},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {23--24},
-	  address = {Centre d'Ecologie Humaine et des Sciences de l'Environnement, Gen\`eve,
-		Switzerland},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1994,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Vision et cybern\'etique},
-	  booktitle = {Symposium de Neuro-ophtalmologie et de R\'eadaptation pour D\'eficients
-		Visuels, Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1993,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {2{D} and 3{D} imaging in medicine},
-	  journal = {Physica Medica},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  volume = {9},
-	  pages = {127--134},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {2}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1993a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robotique agricole: Op\'eration Patate, ``{G}eneva Vision System''},
-	  journal = {Cahiers de la Facult\'e des Sciences, Universit\'e de Gen\`eve},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@MISC{Pun92b,
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robotique agricole: Op\'eration Patate},
-	  howpublished = {{\em Geneva Vision System}, Cahiers de la Facult\'e des Sciences,
-		Universit\'e de Gen\`eve},
-	  year = {1992}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1992a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {2{D} and 3{D} graphical methods: applications in medical imaging},
-	  booktitle = {4th International Conference on Applications of Physics in Medicince
-		and Biology - Advanced Detectors for Medical Imaging, Trieste, Italy},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1991,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {How to keep in touch electronically?},
-	  journal = {{IAPR} Newsletter},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  volume = {14},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {1}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1991a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Scientific communications within {SGAICO}},
-	  journal = {SI-Information, Bulletin of the Swiss Association for Computer Science},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  volume = {31},
-	  pages = {7--8},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {May}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1991b,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Computer interpretation of complex tridimensional scenes, with application
-		to the visual guidance of industrial robots},
-	  journal = {SI-Information, Bulletin of the Swiss Association for Computer Science},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  note = {(abstract)}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Pun1990,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The {G}eneva Vision System: modules, integration and primal access},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.06},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {December}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1989,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Les m\'ethodes classiques de l'analyse d'images en vision artificielle},
-	  booktitle = {Intelligence Artificielle et Robotique},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {147--161},
-	  month = {June},
-	  organization = {DIP-Valais and Dalle Molle Foundation}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1989a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Low-level vision: some principles, paradigms and issues},
-	  booktitle = {1st SGAICO Conference, Computer Vision Workshop, Yverdon-Les-Bains,
-		Switzerland},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1988,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Vision artificielle: l'apport des m\'ethodes classiques},
-	  booktitle = {Journ\'ees d'Intelligence artificielle et robotique, Sion, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {November},
-	  organization = {DIP-Valais and Dalle Molle Foundation}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Pun1988a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Le Laboratoire Image du Centre universitaire d'informatique ({CUI}):
-		un environnement de stations de travail pour l'enseignement en traitement
-		d'images et infographie},
-	  journal = {Informatique-Informations},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  volume = {2},
-	  pages = {11--12},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {January},
-	  note = {Geneva}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Pun1988b,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Current activities in the {AI} and {V}ision group of the {U}niversity
-		of {G}eneva},
-	  booktitle = {{SGAICO} - Swiss Group of {AI} and Cognitive Sciences Annual Conference
-		on Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, Assembly, and Robotics,
-		Bern},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October},
-	  note = {(written in cooperation with the researchers of the group)}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{BMI:0501,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Teodor Iuilian Alecu and Guillaume Chanel and Jullien
-		Kronegg and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Brain-computer interaction research at the Computer Vision and Multimedia
-		Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {05.01},
-	  address = {Rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Pun:BCI:RBCI-CVML,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Teodor Iulian Alecu and Guillaume Chanel and Julien
-		Kronegg and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Research in Brain-computer interaction, Multimodal Interaction Group,
-		Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  booktitle = {BCI 2005, Brain-Computer Interface Technology: Third International
-		Meeting},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Rensselaerville, NY, USA},
-	  month = {June 14--19}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{Pun:TechRep:RBCI-CVML,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Teodor Iulian Alecu and Guillaume Chanel and Julien
-		Kronegg and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Research in Brain-computer interaction, Multimodal Interaction Group,
-		Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  institution = {Technical report TR0501, Computer Science Department, University
-		of Geneva},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {05.01},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Pun:NSRE:BCI-CVML,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Teodor Iulian Alecu and Guillaume Chanel and Sviatoslav
-		Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Brain-computer interaction research at the Computer Vision and Multimedia
-		Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  journal = {IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering,
-		Special Issue on Brain-Computer Interaction},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {14},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{PuA98,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos},
-	  title = {{ABW}eb: Active audio Internet browser for visually impaired and
-		blind users},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the Swiss Priority Programme on
-		Information and Communication Structures (SPP ICS)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Irchel Campus, Z\"urich University, Z\"urich},
-	  month = {13~July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PAP2000,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Lori Petrucci and Patrick
-		Roth},
-	  title = {{ABW}eb: Active audio Internet browser for visually impaired and
-		blind users},
-	  booktitle = {SPP-ICS Closing Conference, Swiss Priority Program on Information
-		and Communication Structures},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  pages = {97-99},
-	  address = {Fribourg, Switzerland},
-	  month = {mar 15}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PAP1999,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Lori Petrucci and Patrick
-		Roth},
-	  title = {{AB-Web}: {A}ctive audio Internet browser for visually impaired and
-		blind users},
-	  journal = {Informatik - Informatique, Swiss Informaticians Society},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  pages = {45--46},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  number = {5},
-	  month = {October},
-	  abstract = {In the Internet world, the widespread use of graphical user interfaces
-		(GUIs) increasingly bars visually handicapped people from accessing
-		digital information. In this context our project aims at providing
-		sight handicapped people with alternative access modalities to various
-		types of GUIs and graphic intensive programs, in order for instance
-		to facilitate usage of Web services.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PunAssimacopoulosPetrucciRoth_informatik.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/PunAssimacopoulosPetrucciRoth_informatik.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:PuB1993,
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and C. Baur},
-	  title = {Interpr\'etation par ordinateur de sc\`enes tridimensionnelles complexes,
-		avec application au guidage visuel de robots industriels},
-	  howpublished = {Press release},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1993}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PuB1990,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and E. Blake},
-	  title = {Relationships between image synthesis and analysis: towards unification?},
-	  journal = {Computer Graphics Forum},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  volume = {9},
-	  pages = {149--163},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {July},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/90/PunBl_CGF_Common.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/90/PunBl_CGF_Common.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PBM1994,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Jean-Marc Bost and Ruggero Milanese and Christian
-		Rauber and Serguei Startchik},
-	  title = {Selecting relevant information and delaying irrelevant data for objects
-		recognition},
-	  booktitle = {AAAI Fall Symposium Series, Relevance Workshop, New Orleans, Louisiana},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {168--172},
-	  month = {November},
-	  publisher = {AAAI Press},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/rauber/94.11.AAAIpaper.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:PBM1994a,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Jean-Marc Bost and Ruggero Milanese and Christian
-		Rauber and Serguei Startchik},
-	  title = {Selecting relevant information and delaying irrelevant data for objects
-		recognition},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {March},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/rauber/94.03.Report.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PuB1989,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Pierre-Yves Burgi},
-	  title = {Perceptual grouping of image primitives using a potential and field
-		approach},
-	  booktitle = {6th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Oulu, Finland},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {317--324},
-	  month = {June},
-	  key = {SCIA'89}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PuD1992,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and J.-D. Dessimoz},
-	  title = {Computer interpretation of complex tridimensional scenes, with application
-		to the visual guidance of industrial robots},
-	  booktitle = {National Research Program NFP/PNR 23, Third Program Status Report,
-		Bern, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PuD1991,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and J.-D. Dessimoz},
-	  title = {Computer interpretation of complex tridimensional scenes, with application
-		to the visual guidance of industrial robots},
-	  booktitle = {National Research Program NFP/PNR 23, Second Program Status Report,
-		Bern, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PuD1990,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and J.-D. Dessimoz},
-	  title = {Computer interpretation of complex tridimensional scenes, with application
-		to the visual guidance of industrial robots},
-	  booktitle = {National Research Program NFP/PNR 23, First Program Status Report,
-		Bern, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:PuG1995,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Catherine De Garrini},
-	  title = {Cybern\'etique et vision par ordinateur},
-	  booktitle = {Le D\'eficit Visuel, de la Neurophysiologie \`a la Pratique de la
-		R\'eadaptation},
-	  publisher = {Masson},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  editor = {A. B. Safran and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos},
-	  pages = {213--224},
-	  address = {Paris, France},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/degarrin/95.05.ophtalmo.ps.Z},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PGR1994,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and G. Gerig and O. S. Ratib},
-	  title = {Image analysis and computer vision in medicine},
-	  journal = {Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  volume = {18},
-	  pages = {85--96},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {2},
-	  note = {(Special Issue: Multimedia Techniques in the Medical Environment)},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/94/PunGR_CMIG_CVMedic.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/94/PunGR_CMIG_CVMedic.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PGL1993,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Sylvia Gil and Marc Lefebvre and Ruggero Milanese
-		and C. Baur and M.-A. Glassey and E. Natonek and C. Burckhardt and
-		J.-D. Dessimoz},
-	  title = {Computer interpretation of complex tridimensional scenes, with application
-		to the visual guidance of industrial robots},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Z\"urich,
-		Switzerland},
-	  year = {1993},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {R. Bless},
-	  series = {National Research Program NFP/PNR 23},
-	  pages = {85--99},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{PuH98,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Alexander Herrigel},
-	  title = {Krypict: a software environment for copyrighting, authenticating,
-		archiving and retrieving pictorial documents in multimedia databases},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the Swiss Priority Programme on
-		Information and Communication Structures (SPP ICS)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Irchel Campus, Z\"urich University, Z\"urich},
-	  month = {13~July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PHT2000,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Alexander Herrigel and P. Tschudin},
-	  title = {Krypict: a software environment for copyrighting, authenticating,
-		archiving and retrieving pictorial documents in multimedia databases},
-	  booktitle = {SPP-ICS Closing Conference, Swiss Priority Program on Information
-		and Communication Structures},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  pages = {82-85},
-	  address = {Fribourg, Switzerland},
-	  month = {mar 15}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PHT1999,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Alexander Herrigel and Peter Tschudin},
-	  title = {{K}ry{P}ict: a software environment for copyrighting, authenticating,
-		archiving and retrieving pictorial documents in multimedia databases},
-	  journal = {Informatik - Informatique, Swiss Informaticians Society},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  pages = {26--27},
-	  vgclass = {otherjournals},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PHA1988,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and D. Hochstrasser and R. Appel and M. Funk and V. Villars-Augsburger
-		and C. Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Computerized classification of two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms
-		by correspondence analysis and ascendant hierarchical clustering},
-	  journal = {Applied and Theoretical Electrophoresis},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  pages = {3--9},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {1}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PHP1988,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and D. Hochstrasser and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Correspondance analysis and hierarchical classification of complex
-		images: application to two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms},
-	  booktitle = {{EUSIPCO} 88, 4th European Signal Processing Conference, Grenoble,
-		France},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {(also in Signal Processing IV, theories and applications, J. L. Lacoume,
-		A. Chehikian, N. Martin and J. Malbos, Eds., North-Holland, 1988.)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PLG1991,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Marc Lefebvre and Sylvia Gil and Denis Brunet and
-		Jean-Daniel Dessimoz and Paul Gugerli},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: computer vision for agricultural robotics},
-	  booktitle = {Machine Vision Architectures, Integration and Applications},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {Bruce G. Batchelor and Michael J. Chen and Frederick M. Waltz},
-	  volume = {1615},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {320--331},
-	  address = {Boston, USA},
-	  month = {November},
-	  note = {(SPIE Conference on Advances in Intelligent Robotic Systems)},
-	  abstract = {Each year at harvest time millions of seed potatoes are checked for
-		the presence of viruses by means of an Elisa test. The Potato Operation
-		aims at automatizing the potato manipulation and pulp sampling procedure,
-		starting from bunches of harvested potatoes and ending with the deposit
-		of potato pulp into Elisa containers. Automatizing these manipulations
-		addresses several issues, linking robotic and computer vision. The
-		paper reports on the current status of this project. It first summarizes
-		the robotic aspects, which consist of locating a potato in a bunch,
-		grasping it, positioning it into the camera field of view, pumping
-		the pulp sample and depositing it into a container. The computer
-		vision aspects are then detailed. They concern locating particular
-		potatoes in a bunch and finding the position of the best germ where
-		the drill has to sample the pulp. The emphasis is put on the germ
-		location problem. A general overview of the approach is given, which
-		combines the processing of both frontal and silhouette views of the
-		potato, together with movements of the robot arm (active vision).
-		Frontal and silhouette analysis algorithms are then presented. Results
-		are shown that confirm the feasibility of the approach.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/91/PunLGBDG_SPIE_Pdt.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/91/PunLGBDG_SPIE_Pdt.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PuM1995,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Ruggero Milanese},
-	  title = {Computer vision and multimedia information systems},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multimedia Information
-		Systems and Hypermedia},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {M. Sakauchi and R. Jain},
-	  pages = {29--37},
-	  address = {Tokyo, Japan},
-	  month = {March},
-	  note = {(invited paper)},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/95/PunMil_CVMis.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/95/PunMil_CVMis.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRS1994,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Christian Rauber and Serguei Startchik},
-	  title = {Unified knowledge representation and asynchronous processing for
-		a versatile computer vision system},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Swiss Priority Programme Informatics, Information
-		Conf. Module, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {26--35},
-	  month = {December},
-	  publisher = {Swiss National Science Foundation Press},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/rauber/94.12.Yverdon.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRS1996,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Christian Rauber and Serguei Startchik and Ruggero
-		Milanese},
-	  title = {Unified knowledge representation and asynchronous processing for
-		a versatile computer vision system},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings Closing Conference Swiss Priority Programme Informatics,
-		Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {23--25},
-	  month = {March},
-	  publisher = {Swiss National Science Foundation Press}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRS1995,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Christian Rauber and Serguei Startchik and Ruggero
-		Milanese},
-	  title = {Transforming an image into dataflows of relevant primitives for objects
-		location, reconstruction and indexing},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of Vision Interface 95},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {203--211},
-	  address = {Quebec City, Canada},
-	  month = {May},
-	  organization = {Canadian Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Society},
-	  note = {(presented by Ch. Rauber)},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/rauber/95.05.VI.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRN1991,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and M. Regamey and Philippe Narbel and J. Mosig},
-	  title = {Perceptual grouping and directionality determination using an electromagnetic
-		model},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings Vision Interface'91, Calgary, Canada},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {81--88},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:PRN1990,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and M. Regamey and Philippe Narbel and J. Mosig},
-	  title = {Perceptual grouping and directionality determination using an electromagnetic
-		model},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1990},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {90.02},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:PRP1998,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci},
-	  title = {An image-capable audio internet browser for facilitating blind user
-		access to digital libraries},
-	  booktitle = {Digital Libraries '98 - The Third {ACM} Conference on Digital Libraries},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
-	  month = {June},
-	  abstract = {The Internet now permits widespread access to textual and pictorial
-		material from digital libraries. The widespread use of graphical
-		user interfaces, however, increasingly bars visually handicapped
-		people from using such material. We present here our current work
-		aimed at the adaptation of an Internet browser to facilitate blind
-		user access to digital libraries. The main distinguishing characteristics
-		of this browser are: (1) active user interaction, both for the macro-analysis
-		and micro-analysis of screen objects of interest; (2) use of a touch-sensitive
-		screen to facilitate user interaction; (3) generation of a virtual
-		sound space into which the screen information is mapped; (4) transcription
-		into sounds not only of text, but also of images. Several prototypes
-		have been implemented, and are being evaluated by blind users.}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:PuS1996,
-	  author = {Thierry Pun and David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Statistical structuring of pictorial databases for content-based
-		image retrieval systems},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition Letters},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  volume = {17},
-	  pages = {1299--1310},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  abstract = {This letter presents a two-stage statistical approach for ``exploring
-		and explaining'' a pictorial database, for content-based image retrieval
-		systems. First, we describe how correspondence analysis provides
-		images classes, as well as facilitates the understanding of the role
-		of image primatives and attributes used to index pictures. Such understanding
-		allows an intelligent choice of features, and thus computational
-		savings, to be made. Second, ascendant heirarchical classification
-		permits the structuring of the database, in order to ease picture
-		indexing and retrieval.},
-	  keywords = {image databases, content-based image retrieval systems, exploratory
-		statistics, correspondence analysis, ascendant hierarchical classification},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/96/PuS96_prl_corran.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/96/PuS96_prl_corran.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{PerezFreire:AA:IFS2006,
-	  author = {Luis P{\'e}rez-Freire and Fernando P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Sviatoslav
-		Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {An Accurate Analysis of Scalar Quantization-Based Data Hiding},
-	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  pages = {80--86},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {1},
-	  month = {March},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/PerezFreirePerezGonzalezVoloshynovskiy_IFS2006.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Que1989,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Denis Queille},
-	  title = {Un syst\`eme d'acquisition d'images astronomiques par {CCD}},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1989}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Rai1989,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Pascale Raisin},
-	  title = {D\'eveloppement d'un outil d'analyse de gels \'electrophor\'etiques
-		\`a une dimension},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {September},
-	  year = {1989}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Rak1999,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  author = {Jilali Raki},
-	  title = {Utilisation d'un protocole de communication et d'une structure de
-		fichier invers\'e pour la recherche dans une base de donn\'ees d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  abstract = {Ce document d\'ecrit le proc\'ed\'e et la mani\`ere utilis\'es pour
-		archiver des images dans une base de donn\'ees et rechercher celles
-		qui sont les plus similaires \`a une requ\^ete d'images. La technique
-		d'archivage des images est inspir\'ee de celle utilis\'ee pour archiver
-		et rechercher du texte. Les points essentiels des chapitres trait\'es
-		dans le manuel sont: \begin{itemize} \item Un survol du syst\`eme
-		Viper, qui est le nom de bapt\^eme donn\'e au syst\`eme de recherche
-		d'images \`a r\'ealiser. Dans ce chapitre, la description des caract\'eristiques
-		de couleur et de texture utilis\'ees dans le syst\`eme et la mani\`ere
-		de calculer la similarit\'e entre une image d'une requ\^ete et les
-		images de la base donn\'ees sont abord\'ees. \item La sp\'ecification
-		d'un protocole de communication pour l'\'echange de messages entre
-		la base de donn\'ees et une interface utilisateur graphique. Diff\'erents
-		types de messages sont d\'ecrits et la grammaire du protocole de
-		communication est sp\'ecifi\'ee. \item L'introduction de la grammaire
-		avec les outils de compilation JavaCup et JLex pour le langage Java
-		et avec les outils Yacc et Lex pour le langage C++. La mani\`ere
-		de g\'en\'erer les analyseurs syntaxiques et lexicaux correspondants
-		\`a la grammaire avec ces outils est d\'ecrite. Du fait que JavaCup
-		et Jlex sont moins connus que Lex et Yacc, une explication plus d\'etaill\'ee
-		de ces outils est donn\'ee dans ce chapitre. \item La mani\`ere de
-		construire l'interface graphique de l'utilisateur et une description
-		de ses diff\'erentes fonctionnalit\'es. On explique dans ce chapitre
-		la mani\`ere d'implanter l'interface afin de communiquer avec un
-		serveur li\'e \`a la base de donn\'ees et d'analyser les messages
-		du protocole de communication. \item L'archivage des images dans
-		une structure de donn\'ees appel\'ee "Inverted File" ou fichier invers\'e.
-		Cette structure est d\'ecrite dans ce chapitre ainsi que la mani\`ere
-		d'implanter le serveur de la base de donn\'ees afin de communiquer
-		avec l'interface et d'analyser les messages du protocole de communication.
-		\end{itemize} Apr\`es ces chapitres, des r\'esultats de requ\^etes
-		de recherche d'images similaires sont pr\'esent\'es afin de les comparer
-		aux r\'esultats d'autres syst\`emes.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/Raki_diploma.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/Raki_diploma.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Rak1997,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  author = {J. Raki},
-	  title = {Parall\'elisation de la recherche d'images de filigranes},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {1997}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Rau1998,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber},
-	  title = {Acquisition, archivage et recherche de documents accessibles par
-		le contenu: application \`a la gestion d'une base de donn\'ees d'images
-		de filigranes},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 2988},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {March},
-	  url = {http://cui.unige.ch/~rauber/these/index.htm},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {cbir}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Rau1990,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Christian Rauber},
-	  title = {La transform\'ee de {G}abor et ses applications},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1990}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ROP1997,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Joe J. K. {{\'O}~Ruanaidh} and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Secure distribution of watermarked images for a digital library of
-		ancient papers},
-	  booktitle = {Second ACM Conference on Digital Libraries},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking,cbir},
-	  pages = {123--130},
-	  address = {Philadelphia, PA},
-	  month = {July},
-	  abstract = {The electronic publishing, storage and distribution of documents is
-		growing increasingly important and will have profound implications
-		for our economy, culture and society. The multimedia digitalisation
-		of libraries and the distribution of the contents of museums is revolutionising
-		these organisations and will make these resources available to a
-		much wider audience than was previously possible. The main goal of
-		our MEDIA project (Mobile Electronic Documents with Interacting Agents)
-		is the development of a system for the archival, retrieval, and distribution
-		of electronic documents. For this purpose, a mobile agent platform
-		is used to securely distribute these documents. Information is accessed
-		by a search mechanism that allows the retrieval of text and images
-		according to their content. An important feature of the system is
-		a digital watermarking tool which embeds hidden signatures in images.
-		This provides copyright protection and helps to ensure that the image
-		will not be copied and sold and without proper authorisation. The
-		management of the database of documents and images is accomplished
-		by an extensible object relational database management system. In
-		addition, documents and data can be accessed through the World Wide
-		Web network.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RGM1995,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Catherine De Garrini and Ruggero Milanese and
-		Serguei Startchik and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Saillance, zone d'int\'er\^et, mise en correspondance: trois techniques
-		pour la localisation et la reconnaissance d'objets en couleur sur
-		fond fortement textur\'e},
-	  booktitle = {Fifteenth GRETSI Symposium on Signal and Image Processing},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  pages = {709--712},
-	  address = {Juan les Pins},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:RMS1994,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Ruggero Milanese and Serguei Startchik and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Data selection mechanisms for object recognition},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.06},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/rauber/94.06.Report.ps.Z}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPT1997,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Thierry Pun and Peter Tschudin},
-	  title = {Retrieval of images from a library of watermarks for ancient paper
-		identification},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of EVA 97, Elektronische Bildverarbeitung und Kunst,
-		Kultur, Historie, Berlin, Germany},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking,cbir},
-	  month = {November},
-	  publisher = {GFaI, Gesellschaft zur Foerderung angewandter Informatik e.V.}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:RTP1997,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Peter Tschudin and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Syst\`eme d'archivage et de recherche de filigranes},
-	  journal = {Gazette du Livre M\'edieval},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  volume = {31},
-	  pages = {31--40},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:RTS1996b,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Peter Tschudin and Serguei Startchik and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Archival and retrieval for large image databases: application to
-		an historical watermarks archive},
-	  booktitle = {Objects Applications},
-	  publisher = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  editor = {D. Tsichritzis},
-	  pages = {19--26},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {cbir}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RTS1996,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Peter Tschudin and Serguei Startchik and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Archivage et recherche d'images de filigranes},
-	  booktitle = {CNED'96, 4\`eme Coll. National sur l'Ecrit et le Document},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  pages = {69--76},
-	  address = {Nantes, France},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RTS1996a,
-	  author = {Christian Rauber and Peter Tschudin and Serguei Startchik and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Archival and retrieval of historical watermark images},
-	  booktitle = {ICIP'96, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking,cbir},
-	  volume = {2},
-	  pages = {773--776},
-	  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September},
-	  note = {Special Session ``Images in Digital Libraries''}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Reg1990,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Michel Regamey},
-	  title = {Utilisation de mod\`eles \'electromagn\'etiques pour l'\'etude de
-		la vision bas-niveau},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1990}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:RPH1989,
-	  author = {C. Roch and Thierry Pun and D. F. Hochstrasser and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {Automatic learning strategies},
-	  journal = {Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics},
-	  year = {1989},
-	  volume = {13},
-	  pages = {383--391},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {5}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Roth2002,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth},
-	  title = {Repr{\'e}sentation multimodale d'images digitales dans des syst{\'e}mes
-		informatiques multim{\'e}dias pour utilisateurs non-voyants},
-	  school = {Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Rot1997,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  author = {Patrick Roth},
-	  title = {Interface {W}eb pour non-voyants},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {September},
-	  year = {1997}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RGP2001,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Christoph Giess and Lori Petrucci and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Adapting Haptic Game Devices for non-visual Graph Rendering},
-	  booktitle = {HCI 2001, International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {New Orleans, LA, USA},
-	  month = {August 5-10}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Roth:JVIB2002:CTNMPSG,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Hesham Kamel and Lori Petrucci and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A comparison of three nonvisual methods for presenting scientific
-		graphs},
-	  journal = {Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  volume = {96},
-	  pages = {420--428},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  number = {6},
-	  month = {June}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Roth:HCI2003:RDIABCU,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Julien Kronegg and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Rendering digital images accessible for blind computer users},
-	  booktitle = {HCI International 2003, 10th International Conference on Human-Computer
-		Interaction},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Crete, Greece},
-	  month = {June 22-27}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA2000a,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Audio-Haptic Internet Browser and Associated Tools for Blind Users
-		and Visually Impaired Computer Users},
-	  booktitle = {COST 254 Intelligent Terminals, Workshop on Friendly Exchanging Through
-		the Net},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  editor = {C. Germain and O. Lavialle and E. Grivel},
-	  pages = {57-62.},
-	  address = {Bordeaux, France},
-	  month = {mar 22-24},
-	  abstract = {In the Internet world, the widespread use of graphical user interfaces
-		(GUIs) increasingly bars visually handicapped people from accessing
-		digital information. In this context our project aims at providing
-		sight handicapped people with alternative access modalities to various
-		types of GUIs and graphic intensive programs, in order for instance
-		to facilitate usage of Web services. We describe in this paper AB-Web,
-		a 3D-audio Web browser that allows blind computer users to explore
-		Web pages, fill in forms, etc., using a 3D sonic rendering. We also
-		present WebSound, a generic tool that permits to associate with each
-		HTML tag a given sonic object (earcon or auditory icon). Finally,
-		we describe a series of associated programs composed of the family
-		of sonic games From Dots to Shapes, as well as of IDEA, a tool that
-		lets users comprehend simple drawings, as well as to create graphics.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_cost2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA2000,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andre Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Concentration game: an audio adaptation for blind people},
-	  booktitle = {CSUN's 15th Annual International Conference ``Technology and Persons
-		with Disabilities''},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Los Angeles, CA, USA},
-	  month = {20--25~mar},
-	  url1 = {http://www.csun.edu/cod/conf2000/proceedings/0011Roth.html}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA2000b,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {From Dots to Shapes: an auditory haptic game platform for teaching
-		geometry to blind pupils},
-	  booktitle = {ICCHP 2000, International Conference on Computers Helping people
-		with special Needs},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  pages = {603--610},
-	  address = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
-	  month = {jul 17-21},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes "From Dots to Shapes" (FDTS), an auditory platform
-		composed by three classic games ( Simon , Point Connecting and concentration
-		game ) for blind and visually impaired pupils. Each game was adapted
-		to work on a concept of the Euclidean geometry (e.g. ) The tool,
-		, is based on sonic and haptic interaction, and therefore could be
-		used by special educators as a help for teaching basic planar geometry.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_ICCHP2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_ICCHP2000.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA1999,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andre Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Auditory browser for blind and visually impaired users},
-	  booktitle = {ACM SIGCHI Computer Human Interaction 99, Conference on Human Factors
-		in Computing Systems},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  pages = {218--219},
-	  address = {Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
-	  month = {15--20~May},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents our work on the development of a multimodal auditory
-		interface which permits blind users to work more easily and efficiently
-		with GUI browsers. A macro-analysis phase, which can be either passive
-		or active, informs on the global layout of HTML documents. A subsequent
-		active micro-analysis phase allows to explore particular elements
-		of the document. The interface is based on: ( 1) a mapping of the
-		graphical HTML document into a 3D virtual sound space environment,
-		where non-speech auditory cues differentiate HTML elements; (2) the
-		transcription into sound not only of text, but also of images; (3)
-		the use of a touch-sensitive screen to facilitate user interaction.
-		Moreover, in order to validate the sonification model of the images,
-		we have created an audio "memory game", that can be used as a pedagogical
-		tool to help blind pupils learn spatial exploration cues.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_chi99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_chi99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA1997,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Techniques interactives et passives de restitution d'information
-		graphique pour les non-voyants},
-	  booktitle = {S\'eminaire Technique et Cognition: Finitude, Situation et Inscription
-		Corporelle},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Universit\'e de Technologie de Compi\`egne, France},
-	  month = {January}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RPA1998,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Lori Petrucci and Andr{\'e} Assimacopoulos and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {{AB-Web}: {A}ctive audio browser for visually impaired and blind
-		users},
-	  booktitle = {International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD'98)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Glasgow, UK},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {The Internet now permits easy access to textual and pictorial material
-		from an exponentially growing number of sources. The widespread use
-		of graphical user interfaces, however, increasingly bars visually
-		handicapped people from using such material. In this context, our
-		project aims at providing sight handicapped people with alternative
-		access modalities to pictorial documents. More precisely, our goal
-		is to develop an augmented Internet browser to facilitate blind users
-		access to the World Wide Web. The main distinguishing characteristics
-		of this browser are : (1) generation of a virtual sound space into
-		which the screen information is mapped; (2) transcription into sounds
-		not only of text, but also of images; (3) active user interaction,
-		both for the macro-analysis and micro-analysis of screen objects
-		of interest; (4) use of a touch-sensitive screen to facilitate user
-		interaction. Several prototypes have been implemented, and are being
-		evaluated by blind users.},
-	  keywords = {WWW, blind user access, sound space, image analysis},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_icad98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/RothPetrucciAssimacopoulosPun_icad98.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ICHCI2003,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Rendering digital images accessible for blind computer users},
-	  booktitle = {10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Crete, Greece},
-	  month = {June},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/RothPun-ICHCI2003.doc}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:RRP2001,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and David Richoz and Lori Petrucci and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {An Audio-Haptic Tool For Non-Visual Image Representation},
-	  booktitle = {ISSPA 2001, International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
-		(Special Session: Enhanced user interfaces for non-visual image display)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  address = {Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
-	  month = {aug},
-	  note = {(to appear)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ICIPHCI2003,
-	  author = {Patrick Roth and D. Richoz and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A multimodal system for the non-visual exploration of digital pictures},
-	  booktitle = {Interact 2003, 9th ICIP TC13 Int. Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  address = {Zuerich, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September 1-5},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Paper.Submitted.030122.Roth.doc}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{OPP98,
-	  author = {Joe J. K. {\'O}~Ruanaidh and Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun and Alexander
-		Herrigel and Nazanin Baumg{\"a}rtner and T. Mittelholzer},
-	  title = {Secure copyright protection techniques for digital images},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the Swiss Priority Programme on
-		Information and Communication Structures (SPP ICS)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Irchel Campus, Z\"urich University, Z\"urich},
-	  month = {13~July}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:OPH1999,
-	  author = {Joe J. K. {\'O}~Ruanaidh and Holger Petersen and Alexander Herrigel
-		and Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Cryptographic copyright protection for digital images based on watermarking
-		techniques},
-	  journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  volume = {226},
-	  pages = {117--142},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {1--2},
-	  month = {17~September},
-	  note = {(Special Issue: Cryptography, C. Ding, Ed.)},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we present a new approach for the secure and robust
-		copyright protection of digital images. We describe a system for
-		generating digital watermarks and for trading watermarked images.
-		The system is based on a new watermarking technique, which is \emph{robust}
-		against image transformation techniques such as \emph{compression,
-		rotation, translation, scaling} and \emph{cropping}. It uses modulation
-		of the magnitude components in Fourier space to embed a watermark
-		and an accompanying template and, during watermark extraction, reads
-		a template in the log polar transform of the frequency domain. The
-		template is used for analyzing scaling and rotation suffered by the
-		watermarked stego-image. The detection of the watermarks is also
-		possible without any need for the original cover-image. In addition,
-		the system applies asymmetric cryptographic protocols for different
-		purposes, namely embedding/detecting the watermark and transferring
-		watermarked data. The public key technique is applied for the construction
-		of a one-way watermark embedding and the verification function to
-		identify and prove the uniqueness of the watermark. Legal dispute
-		resolution is supported for the multiple watermarking of a digital
-		image without revealing the confidential keying information.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/ORuanaidhPetersenHerrigelPereiraPun_tcs99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/ORuanaidhPetersenHerrigelPereiraPun_tcs99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Rytsar:2007:EMBC,
-	  author = {Romana Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Computational aspects of the EEG forward problem solutions for real
-		head model using finite element method},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Internatinal Conference IEEE Engineering
-		in Medicine and Biology Society},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Lyon, France},
-	  month = {August 23--26},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Rytsar:2007:VipIMAGE,
-	  author = {Romana Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Human head models for the EEG forward problem},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International ECCOMAS Thematic Conference VipIMAGE
-, Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Porto, Portugal},
-	  month = {17--19th October},
-	  organization = {FEUP},
-	  owner = {beekhof},
-	  timestamp = {2007.08.29}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Rytsar:Diablerets006:FEMDSE,
-	  author = {Romana Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Finite elements modelling of the dipole source in EEG},
-	  booktitle = {Lemanic-Neurosciences Annual Meeting},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Les Diablerets, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September 8--9}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Rytsar:EBC2006:FESFEMDS,
-	  author = {Romana Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The forward EEG solutions: finite elements modelling of the dipole
-		source},
-	  booktitle = {European Bioalpine Convention},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Grenoble, France},
-	  month = {October 6}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{YRytsar:CSIT2005:TDDH-SMP,
-	  author = { Y. Rytsar and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
-		and E. Rivera and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Text document data-hiding: security and multimedia perspectives},
-	  booktitle = {5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information
-		Technologies {CSIT 2005}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Yerevan, Armenia},
-	  month = {September 19-23},
-	  note = {accepted paper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SPIE2004c,
-	  author = {Y. Rytsar and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and F. Ehrler and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Interactive segmentation with hidden object based annotations: towards
-		smart media},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Electronic Imaging, Storage and Retrieval Methods
-		and Applications for Multimedia},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/SPIE2004_InteractiveSegmentationWithHiddenObjectBasedAnnotations.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Rytsar:SPIE2006,
-	  author = {Yuriy Rytsar and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and
-		Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and Emre Topak and Sergei Startchik
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Tangible interactive system for document browsing and visualisation
-		of multimedia data},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2006, Multimedia
-		Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006 (EI122)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15-19}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Chanel:ENT:EDLBFI,
-	  author = {Arman Savran and Koray Ciftci and Guillame Chanel and Javier Cruz
-		Mota and Luong Hong Viet and Blent Sankur and Lale Akarun and Alice
-		Caplier and Michele Rombaut},
-	  title = {Emotion Detection in the Loop from Brain Signals and Facial Images},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the eNTERFACE 2006 Workshop},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
-	  month = {July -- August}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Sch2001,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {abweb},
-	  author = {Pascal Schmid},
-	  title = {Reconnaissance Vocale: Int\'egration D'une Interface Modale Dans
-		{WebSound}},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis (MSc), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {2001}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Shu1990,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Vrinda Shukla},
-	  title = {A critical study of {L}abo{I}mage 2.0 and development of {L}abo{I}mage
-.0 (Etude critique de {L}abo{I}mage 2.0 et d\'eveloppement de {L}abo{I}mage
-.0)},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {August},
-	  year = {1990}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:Squ1997,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Invariance Signatures for two-dimensional contours},
-	  booktitle = {Machine Learning and Image Interpretation},
-	  publisher = {Plenum Press},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  editor = {Terry Caelli and Walter F. Bischof},
-	  series = {Advances in Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence, Series editor:
-		Martin D. Levine},
-	  chapter = {7},
-	  pages = {255--308},
-	  address = {New York},
-	  abstract = {Invariant pattern recognition is an important problem in many areas
-		of computer vision. In this chapter, a new invariant feature of two-dimensional
-		contours is introduced: the Invariance Signature (IS). The IS is
-		a measure of the degree to which a contour is invariant under a variety
-		of transformations, derived from the theory of Lie transformation
-		groups. It is shown that a Model-Based Neural Network (MBNN) can
-		be constructed which computes the IS of a contour, and classifies
-		patterns on this basis. MBNNs, whilst retaining the structure and
-		advantages of traditional neural networks (TNNs), enable explicit
-		modeling of the target system. This can result in greatly improved
-		generalization, and representation in lower-dimensional state spaces.
-		MBNNs can be trained with much smaller training sets than are required
-		by TNNs. This means that MBNNs are much less computationally-expensive
-		to train than TNNs. Experiments demonstrate that such Invariance
-		Signature networks can be employed successfully for shift-, rotation-
-		and scale-invariant optical character recognition.},
-	  isbn = {0-306-45761-X},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:Squ2000,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Distance Learning Networks: learning a similarity-based distance
-		measure for content--based image retrieval},
-	  journal = {Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we employ human judgments of image similarity to learn
-		a distance measure for content--based image retrieval. We first derive
-		a statistic, $\kappa_B$, for measuring the agreement between two
-		partitionings of an image set into unlabeled subsets. We then use
-		the results of experiments in which human subjects partition a set
-		of images into unlabeled subsets to define a similarity measure for
-		pairs of images based on the frequency with which they are judged
-		to be similar. We show that, when this measure is used to partition
-		an image set using a clustering technique, the resultant clustering
-		agrees better with those produced by human subjects than any of the
-		feature space-based techniques investigated. Finally, we show that
-		a learning technique based on an extension of a Kohonen network allows
-		a mapping from a numerical feature space to this perceptual similarity
-		space to be learnt which results in partitionings in excellent agreement
-		with those produced by human subjects.}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Squ1998,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Generalization performance of factor analysis techniques used for
-		image database organization},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {98.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {January},
-	  abstract = {The goal of this paper is to evaluate the generalization performance
-		of a variety of factor analysis techniques in an image database environment.
-		Factor analysis techniques, such as Principal Components Analysis,
-		have been proposed as means of reducing the dimensionality of the
-		data stored in image retrieval systems. These techniques compute
-		a transformation which is applied to vectors of image features to
-		produce vectors of lower dimensionality which still characterize
-		the original data well. Computing such transformations for very large
-		numbers of images is computationally expensive, especially if this
-		calculation must be repeated each time new images are added to the
-		database. It is to be hoped, therefore, that a transformation computed
-		using a subset of all possible images will perform well when applied
-		to images not used in its derivation. To evaluate this generalization
-		ability, we measure the agreement between partitionings of image
-		sets computed using such transformations with those produced by human
-		subjects.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.01_Squire.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.01_Squire.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Squ1998a,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Learning a similarity-based distance measure for image database organization
-		from human partitionings of an image set},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {98.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we employ human judgments of image similarity to improve
-		the organization of an image database. We first derive a statistic,
-		$\kappa_B$ which measures the agreement between two partitionings
-		of an image set. $\kappa_B$ is used to assess agreement both amongst
-		and between human and machine partitionings. This provides a rigorous
-		means of choosing between competing image database organization systems,
-		and of assessing the performance of such systems with respect to
-		human judgments. Human partitionings of an image set are used to
-		define an similarity value based on the frequency with which images
-		are judged to be similar. When this measure is used to partition
-		an image set using a clustering technique, the resultant partitioning
-		agrees better with human partitionings than any of the feature-space-based
-		techniques investigated. Finally, we investigate the use multilayer
-		perceptrons and a \emph{Distance Learning Network} to learn a mapping
-		from feature space to this perceptual similarity space. The Distance
-		Learning Network is shown to learn a mapping which results in partitionings
-		in excellent agreement with those produced by human subjects.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.03_Squire.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.03_Squire.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Squ1998b,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Learning a similarity-based distance measure for image database organization
-		from human partitionings of an image set},
-	  booktitle = {Fourth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {88--93},
-	  address = {Princeton, NJ, USA},
-	  month = {October},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we employ human judgments of image similarity to improve
-		the organization of an image database. We first derive a statistic,
-		$\kappa_B$ which measures the agreement between two partitionings
-		of an image set. $\kappa_B$ is used to assess agreement both amongst
-		and between human and machine partitionings. This provides a rigorous
-		means of choosing between competing image database organization systems,
-		and of assessing the performance of such systems with respect to
-		human judgments. Human partitionings of an image set are used to
-		define an similarity value based on the frequency with which images
-		are judged to be similar. When this measure is used to partition
-		an image set using a clustering technique, the resultant partitioning
-		agrees better with human partitionings than any of the feature-space-based
-		techniques investigated. Finally, we investigate the use of multilayer
-		perceptrons and a \emph{Distance Learning Network} to learn a mapping
-		from feature space to this perceptual similarity space. The Distance
-		Learning Network is shown to learn a mapping which results in partitionings
-		in excellent agreement with those produced by human subjects.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/Squire_wacv98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/Squire_wacv98.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Squ1998c,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire},
-	  title = {Using human partitionings of image sets to learn a similarity-based
-		distance measure for the organization of image databases},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems III (VV02)},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  volume = {3527},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  pages = {80--88},
-	  address = {Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
-	  month = {November},
-	  note = {(SPIE Symposium on Voice, Video and Data Communications)},
-	  abstract = {In this paper our goal is to employ human judgments of image similarity
-		to improve the organization of an image database for content-based
-		retrieval. We first derive a statistic, $\kappa_B$ for measuring
-		the agreement between two partitionings of an image set into unlabeled
-		subsets. This measure can be used both to measure the degree of agreement
-		between pairs of human subjects, and also between human and machine
-		partitionings of an image set. It also allows a direct comparison
-		of database organizations, as opposed to the indirect measure available
-		via precision and recall measurements. This provides a rigorous means
-		of selecting between competing image database organization systems,
-		and assessing how close the performance of such systems is to that
-		which might be expected from a database organization done by hand.
-		We then use the results of experiments in which human subjects are
-		asked to partition a set of images into unlabeled subsets to define
-		a similarity measure for pairs of images based on the frequency with
-		which they were judged to be similar. We show that, when this measure
-		is used to partition an image set using a clustering technique, the
-		resultant clustering agrees better with those produced by human subjects
-		than any of the feature space-based techniques investigated. Finally,
-		we investigate the use of machine learning techniques to discover
-		a mapping from a numerical feature space to this perceptual similarity
-		space. Such a mapping would allow the ground truth knowledge abstracted
-		from the human judgments to be generalized to unseen images. We show
-		that a learning technique based on an extension of a Kohonen network
-		allows a similarity space to be learnt which results in partitionings
-		in excellent agreement with those produced by human subjects.},
-	  keywords = {image databases, database organization, similarity, learning, agreement}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:SqC2000,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Terry M. Caelli},
-	  title = {Invariance Signatures: Characterizing contours by their departures
-		from invariance},
-	  journal = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  volume = {77},
-	  pages = {284--316},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {3},
-	  month = {mar},
-	  abstract = {In this paper, a new invariant feature of two-dimensional contours
-		is reported: the Invariance Signature. The Invariance Signature is
-		a measure of the degree to which a contour is invariant under a variety
-		of transformations, derived from the theory of Lie transformation
-		groups. It is shown that the Invariance Signature is itself invariant
-		under shift, rotation and scaling of the contour. Since it is derived
-		from local properties of the contour, it is well-suited to a neural
-		network implementation. It is shown that a Model-Based Neural Network
-		(MBNN) can be constructed which computes the Invariance Signature
-		of a contour, and classifies patterns on this basis. Experiments
-		demonstrate that Invariance Signature networks can be employed successfully
-		for shift-, rotation- and scale-invariant optical character recognition.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireCaelli_cviu99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireCaelli_cviu99.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SqC1997,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Terry M. Caelli},
-	  title = {Invariance Signatures: Characterizing contours by their departures
-		from invariance},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {97.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.04_SquireCaelli.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.04_SquireCaelli.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SMM1999b,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {Improving Response Time by Search Pruning in a Content-Based Image
-		Retrieval System, Using Inverted File Techniques},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {99.01},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {February},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes several methods for improving query evaluation
-		speed in a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS). Response
-		time is an extremely important factor in determining the usefulness
-		of any interactive system, as has been demonstrated by human factors
-		studies over the past thirty years. In particular, response times
-		of less than one second are often specified as a usability requirement.
-		It is shown that the use of inverted files facilitates the reduction
-		of query evaluation time without significantly reducing the accuracy
-		of the response. The performance of the system is evaluated using
-		precision \vs recall graphs, which are an established evaluation
-		method in information retrieval (IR), and are beginning to be used
-		by CBIR researchers.},
-	  keywords = {content-based image retrieval, search pruning, inverted file, response
-		time},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.01_SquireMuellerMueller.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VGTR99.01_SquireMuellerMueller.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SMM1999c,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {Improving Response Time by Search Pruning in a Content-Based Image
-		Retrieval System, Using Inverted File Techniques},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE Workshop on Content-based Access of Image and Video Libraries
-		(CBAIVL-99)},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {45--49},
-	  address = {Fort Collins, Colorado, USA},
-	  month = {22~June},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes several methods for improving query evaluation
-		speed in a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS). Response
-		time is an extremely important factor in determining the usefulness
-		of any interactive system, as has been demonstrated by human factors
-		studies over the past thirty years. In particular, response times
-		of less than one second are often specified as a usability requirement.
-		It is shown that the use of inverted files facilitates the reduction
-		of query evaluation time without significantly reducing the accuracy
-		of the response. The performance of the system is evaluated using
-		precision \vs recall graphs, which are an established evaluation
-		method in information retrieval (IR), and are beginning to be used
-		by CBIR researchers.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMueller_cbaivl99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMueller_cbaivl99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INBOOK{VG:SMM2001,
-	  chapter = {7},
-	  pages = {125--151},
-	  title = {Design and Evaluation of a Content-based Image Retrieval System},
-	  publisher = {Idea Group Publishing},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  editor = {Syed M Rahman},
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Henning M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller
-		and St{\'e}phane Marchand-Maillet and Thierry Pun},
-	  abstract = {The growth in size and accessibility of multimedia databases have
-		changed our approach to information retrieval. Classical text-based
-		systems show their limitations in the context of multimedia retrieval.
-		In this chapter, we address the problem of conceiving and evaluating
-		a content-based image retrieval system. First, we investigate the
-		use of the query-by-example (QBE) paradigm as a base paradigm for
-		the development of a content-based image retrieval system (CBIRS).
-		We show that it should be considered as a complement to the classical
-		textual-based paradigms. We then evaluate the capabilities of the
-		most up-to-date computer vision techniques in contributing to the
-		realisation of such a system. Further, beyond the necessity of accurate
-		image understanding techniques, we show that the amount of data involved
-		by the process of describing image content should also be considered
-		as an important issue. This aspect of our study is largely based
-		on the experience acquired by the text retrieval (TR) community,
-		which we adapt to the context of CBIR. Similarly, the text retrieval
-		community has also developed a significant experience in evaluating
-		retrieval systems, where judgements include subjectivity and context
-		dependency. Extending this experience, we study a coherent framework
-		for performing the evaluation of a CBIRS. As a practical example,
-		we use our Viper CBIR system, using a novel communication protocol
-		called MRML to pinpoint the importance of the sharing of resource
-		in facilitating the evaluation and therefore the development of CBIRS.},
-	  booktitle = {Design and Management of Multimedia Information Systems: Opportunities
-		and Challenges},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SMM1999a,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {Relevance feedback and term weighting schemes for content-based image
-		retrieval},
-	  booktitle = {Third International Conference On Visual Information Systems},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {549--556},
-	  address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
-	  month = {2--4~June},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes the application of techniques derived from text
-		retrieval research to the content-based querying of image databases.
-		Specifically, the use of inverted files, frequency-based weights
-		and relevance feedback are investigated. The use of inverted files
-		allows very large numbers ($\geq \mathcal{O}(104)$) of \emph{possible}
-		features to be used. since search is limited to the subspace spanned
-		by the features present in the query image(s). A variety of weighting
-		schemes used in text retrieval are employed, yielding different results.
-		We suggest possibles modifications for their use with image databases.
-		The use of relevance feedback was shown to improve the query results
-		significantly, as measured by precision and recall, for all users.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMueller_vis99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMueller_vis99.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SMM1998a,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller},
-	  title = {Relevance feedback and term weighting schemes for content-based image
-		retrieval},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {98.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {December},
-	  abstract = {This paper describes the application of techniques derived from text
-		retrieval research to the content-based querying of image databases.
-		Specifically, the use of inverted files, frequency-based weights
-		and relevance feedback are investigated. The use of inverted files
-		allows very large numbers ($\geq \mathcal{O}(104)$) of \emph{possible}
-		features to be used. since search is limited to the subspace spanned
-		by the features present in the query image(s). A variety of weighting
-		schemes used in text retrieval are employed, yielding different results.
-		We suggest possibles modifications for their use with image databases.
-		The use of relevance feedback was shown to improve the query results
-		significantly, as measured by precision and recall, for all users.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.05_SquireMuellerMueller.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.05_SquireMuellerMueller.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:SMM2000a,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Content-based query of image databases: inspirations from text retrieval},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition Letters (Selected Papers from The 11th Scandinavian
-		Conference on Image Analysis SCIA '99)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  volume = {21},
-	  pages = {1193-1198},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {13-14},
-	  note = {B.K. Ersboll, P. Johansen, Eds.},
-	  abstract = {This paper reports the application of techniques inspired by text
-		retrieval research to content-based image retrieval. In particular,
-		we show how the use of an inverted file data structure permits the
-		use of an extremely high-dimensional feature-space, by restricting
-		search to the subspace spanned by the features present in the query.
-		A suitably sparse set of colour and texture features is proposed.
-		A weighting scheme based on feature frequencies is used to combine
-		disparate features in a compatible manner, and naturally extends
-		to incorporate relevance feedback queries. The use of relevance feedback
-		is shown consistently to improve system performance.},
-	  url = {http://www.elsevier.nl/gej-ng/10/35/61/45/36/34/article.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SMM1999,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Jilali Raki},
-	  title = {Content-based query of image databases, inspirations from text retrieval:
-		inverted files, frequency-based weights and relevance feedback},
-	  booktitle = {The 11th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  pages = {143--149},
-	  address = {Kangerlussuaq, Greenland},
-	  month = {jun 7--11},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we report the application of techniques inspired by
-		text retrieval research to the content-based query of image databases.
-		In particular, we show how the use of an inverted file data structure
-		permits the use of a feature space of $\mathcal{O}(104)$ dimensions,
-		by restricting search to the subspace spanned by the features present
-		in the query. A suitably sparse set of colour and texture features
-		is proposed. A scheme based on the frequency of occurrence of features
-		in both individual images and in the whole collection provides a
-		means of weighting possibly incommensurate features in a compatible
-		manner, and naturally extends to incorporate relevance feedback queries.
-		The use of relevance feedback is shown consistently to improve system
-		performance, as measured by precision and recall.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMuellerRaki_scia99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/SquireMuellerMuellerRaki_scia99.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SMM1998,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Wolfgang M{\"u}ller and Henning M{\"u}ller
-		and Jilali Raki},
-	  title = {Content-based query of image databases, inspirations from text retrieval:
-		inverted files, frequency-based weights and relevance feedback},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {98.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we report the application of techniques inspired by
-		text retrieval research to the content-based query of image databases.
-		In particular, we show how the use of an inverted file data structure
-		permits the use of a feature space of $\mathcal{O}(104)$ dimensions,
-		by restricting search to the subspace spanned by the features present
-		in the query. A suitably sparse set of colour and texture features
-		is proposed. A scheme based on the frequency of occurrence of features
-		in both individual images and in the whole collection provides a
-		means of weighting possibly incommensurate features in a compatible
-		manner, and naturally extends to incorporate relevance feedback queries.
-		The use of relevance feedback is shown consistently to improve system
-		performance, as measured by precision and recall.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.04_SquireMuellerMuellerRaki.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/VGTR98.04_SquireMuellerMuellerRaki.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SqP1997,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A Comparison of Human and Machine Assessments of Image Similarity
-		for the Organization of Image Databases},
-	  booktitle = {The 10th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  editor = {Michael Frydrych and Jussi Parkkinen and Ari Visa},
-	  pages = {51--58},
-	  address = {Lappeenranta, Finland},
-	  month = {June},
-	  abstract = {There has recently been a significant interest in the organization
-		and \emph{content-based} querying of large images databases. Most
-		frequently, the underlying hypothesis is that image similarity can
-		be characterized by low-level image features, without further abstraction.
-		This assumes that there is sufficient agreement between machine and
-		human measures of image similarity for the database to be useful.
-		We wish to assess the veracity of this assumption. To this end, we
-		develop measures of the agreement between two partitionings of an
-		image set; we show that it is vital to take chance agreements into
-		account. We then use these measures to assess the agreement between
-		human subjects and a variety of machine clustering techniques on
-		a set of images. The results can be used to select and refine image
-		distance measures for querying and organizing image databases.},
-	  keywords = {image similarity, image database organization, agreement statistics,
-		VG:SqP1997key},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/SquirePun_scia97.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/SquirePun_scia97.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:SqP1998,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Assessing Agreement Between Human and Machine Clusterings of Image
-		Databases},
-	  journal = {Pattern Recognition},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  volume = {31},
-	  pages = {1905--1919},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {12},
-	  abstract = {There is currently much interest in the organization and \emph{content-based}
-		querying image databases. The usual hypothesis is that image similarity
-		can be characterized by low-level features, without further abstraction.
-		This assumes that agreement between machine and human measures of
-		similarity is sufficient for the database to be useful. To assess
-		this assumption, we develop measures of the agreement between partitionings
-		of an image set, showing that chance agreements \emph{must} be considered.
-		These measures are used to assess the agreement between human subjects
-		and several machine clustering techniques on an image set. The results
-		can be used to select and refine distance measures for querying and
-		organizing image databases.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/SquirePun_pr.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/SquirePun_pr.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SqP1997a,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Assessing Agreement Between Human and Machine Clusterings of Image
-		Databases},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {97.03},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April},
-	  abstract = {There is currently much interest in the organization and \emph{content-based}
-		querying image databases. The usual hypothesis is that image similarity
-		can be characterized by low-level features, without further abstraction.
-		This assumes that agreement between machine and human measures of
-		similarity is sufficient for the database to be useful. To assess
-		this assumption, we develop measures of the agreement between partitionings
-		of an image set, showing that chance agreements \emph{must} be considered.
-		These measures are used to assess the agreement between human subjects
-		and several machine clustering techniques on an image set. The results
-		can be used to select and refine distance measures for querying and
-		organizing image databases.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.03_SquirePun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.03_SquirePun.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SqP1997b,
-	  author = {David McG. Squire and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Using human partitionings of an image set to learn a similarity-based
-		distance measure},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {viper},
-	  number = {97.06},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {November},
-	  abstract = {In this paper our goal is to employ human judgments of image similarity
-		to improve the organization of an image database for content-based
-		retrieval. We first derive a statistic, $\kappa_B$ for measuring
-		the agreement between two partitionings of an image set into unlabeled
-		subsets. This measure can be used both to measure the degree of agreement
-		between pairs of human subjects, and also between human and machine
-		partitionings of an image set. This provides a rigorous means of
-		selecting between competing image database organization systems,
-		and assessing how close the performance of such systems is to that
-		which might be expected from a database organization done by hand.
-		We then use the results of experiments in which human subjects are
-		asked to partition a set of images into unlabeled subsets to define
-		a similarity measure for pairs of images based on the frequency with
-		which they were judged to be similar. We show that, when this measure
-		is used to partition an image set using a clustering technique, the
-		resultant clustering agrees better with those produced by human subjects
-		than any of the feature space-based techniques investigated. Finally,
-		we investigate the use of machine learning techniques to discover
-		a mapping from a numerical feature space to this perceptual similarity
-		space. Such a mapping would allow the ground truth knowledge abstracted
-		from the human judgments to be generalized to unseen images.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.06_SquirePun.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/97/VGTR97.06_SquirePun.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Sta1988,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Jos Stam},
-	  title = {Rendu r\'ealiste de surfaces par la m\'ethode du ray tracing},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1988}
-	}
-	@PHDTHESIS{VG:Sta1998,
-	  author = {Sergei Startchik},
-	  title = {Geometric and Illumination Invariant Object Representation: Application
-		to Content-based Image Retrieval},
-	  school = {University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  type = {{P}h.{D}. {D}issertation {N}o. 3009},
-	  address = {Switzerland},
-	  month = {July},
-	  note = {Thesis Jury: Prof. Thierry Pun (Geneva, CH), Prof. Roger Mohr (INP
-		Grenoble, F), Serge Ayer (EPF-Lausanne, CH), Prof. Christian Pellegrini
-		(Geneva, CH)},
-	  abstract = {This work addresses several issues in the field of computer vision.
-		In particular, attention is focussed on the problem of the representation
-		of an object from its appearance in an image. Several advances are
-		proposed for the representation of planar shapes, which are thus
-		suitable for representing planar and faceted objects. The representation
-		developed is employed for content-based retrieval from an image database.
-		The proposed projectively invariant description for groups of planar
-		disjoint contours as a simultaneous polar reparametrization of multiple
-		curves. Its origin is an invariant point and, for each ray orientation,
-		the cross-ratio of the intersections with the closest curves gives
-		the radius. The sequence of cross-ratio values for all orientations
-		forms a signature. With respect to other methods, this representation
-		is less reliant on individual curve properties, both for the construction
-		of the reference frame and for the calculation of the signature.
-		At the same time, this representation is local and integrates information
-		from multiple curves, guaranteeing robustness to curve discontinuities
-		and partial occlusions. Chromatic information is introduced into
-		the representation and offers two advantages. First, the representation
-		provides a more complete description of the shape and thus becomes
-		more discriminative. Secondly, the chromatic description is illumination
-		invariant under a diagonal chromaticity model and one more acquisition
-		variable is therefore removed. The proposed representation was originally
-		developed for planar shapes, but an extension has been proposed and
-		validated for trihedral corners. [truncated]},
-	  abstract2 = {A complete system architecture has been implemented, composed of the
-		following stages: feature extraction, reference frame construction,
-		signature evaluation and indexing. The feature extraction stage provides
-		a set of image contours approximated by splines. Joint invariant
-		properties of curves are used to define the center point of the reference
-		frame and the associated rays. Invariant signatures are computed
-		from a combination of local properties of multiple curves. These
-		signatures are used as a multidimensional index into a database of
-		signatures and a subset of plausible object models is thus obtained.
-		The invariant signature method has been used for object representation
-		in the context of content-based retrieval from image databases. In
-		particular, we focus on images which portray man-made objects with
-		planar facets or trihedral corners, which contain trademarks. The
-		database consist of 203 images of 41 such objects. Images were taken
-		from different viewpoints under various illumination conditions.
-		Experimental evaluation has shown that the method is stable to those
-		realistic variations and its performance in this framework is satisfactory.
-		In conclusion, we believe that this approach is an important extension
-		of shape representation methods to a much broader class of objects.},
-	  url = {http://cui.unige.ch/~startchi/PhD/},
-	  vgclass = {thesis},
-	  vgproject = {cbir}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:Sta1994,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik},
-	  title = {Automatic construction of invariant geometric representation for
-		object recognition},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.07},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {July}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Sta1994a,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {S. Startchik},
-	  title = {Automatic construction of invariant geometric representation for
-		object recognition},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {July},
-	  year = {1994}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SBR1994,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Jean-Marc Bost and Christian Rauber and Ruggero
-		Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Automatic construction of invariant geometric representation for
-		object recognition},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {94.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/startchi/94.05.Report.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:SLP1991,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Marc Lefebvre and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Calibration d'une cam\'era par filtrage \'etendu de {K}alman; reconstruction
-		tridimensionnelle},
-	  institution = {AI and Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {91.04},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SMP1998a,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Projective and illumination invariant representation of disjoint
-		shapes},
-	  booktitle = {Computer Vision -- ECCV 98},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  editor = {H. Burkhardt and B. Neumann},
-	  number = {1406},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {264--280},
-	  address = {Freiburg, Germany},
-	  month = {June},
-	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-	  note = {(Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computer Vision)},
-	  abstract = {We describe a new projectively invariant representation of disjoint
-		contour groups which is suitable for shape-based retrieval from an
-		image database. It consists of simultaneous polar reparametrization
-		of multiple curves where an invariant point is used as the origin.
-		For each ray orientation, a cross-ratio of its intersections with
-		other curves is taken as a value associated to the radius. With respect
-		to other methods this representation is less reliant on single curve
-		properties, both for the construction of the projective basis and
-		for calculating the signature. It is therefore more robust to contour
-		gaps and image noise and is better suited to describing complex planar
-		shapes defined by multiple disjoint curves. The proposed representation
-		has been originally developed for planar shapes, but an extension
-		is proposed and validated for 3D faceted objects. Moreover, we show
-		that illumination invariance fits well within the proposed framework
-		and can easily be introduced in the representation in order to make
-		it more appropriate for shape-based retrieval. Experiments are reported
-		on a database of real trademarks.},
-	  comment = {volume 1, but can't have both volume \& number for proc.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/StartchikMilanesePun_eccv98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/StartchikMilanesePun_eccv98.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:SMP1998,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Ruggero Milanese and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Projective and photometric invariant representation of planar disjoint
-		shapes},
-	  journal = {Image and Vision Computing},
-	  year = {1998},
-	  volume = {16},
-	  pages = {713--723},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir},
-	  number = {9--10},
-	  month = {July},
-	  abstract = {We describe a new projectively invariant representation of disjoint
-		contour groups which is suitable for shape-based retrieval from an
-		image database. It consists of simultaneous polar reparametrization
-		of multiple curves where an invariant point is used as the origin.
-		For each ray orientation, a cross-ratio of its intersections with
-		other curves is taken as a value associated to the radius. With respect
-		to other methods this representation is less reliant on single curve
-		properties, both for the construction of the projective basis and
-		for calculating the signature. It is therefore more robust to contour
-		gaps and image noise and is better suited to describing complex planar
-		shapes defined by multiple disjoint curves. Moreover, we show that
-		illumination invariance fits well within the proposed framework and
-		can easily be introduced in the representation in order to make it
-		more appropriate for shape-based retrieval. Experiments are reported
-		on a database of real trademarks. Keywords: Projective invariance,
-		Cross-ratio, Geometry, Illumination invariance, Shape-based retrieval,
-		Object representation.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/StartchikMilanesePun_ivc98.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/98/StartchikMilanesePun_ivc98.pdf}
-	}
-	@INCOLLECTION{VG:SMR1997,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Ruggero Milanese and Christian Rauber and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Planar shape databases with affine invariant search},
-	  booktitle = {Image Databases and Multi-media search},
-	  publisher = {World Scientific},
-	  year = {1997},
-	  editor = {A. W. M. Smeulders and R. Jain},
-	  series = {Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (S. K. Chang, ed.)},
-	  pages = {285--292},
-	  note = {(originally appeared in: First {IAPR} International Workshop on Image
-		Databases and Multi-Media Search, Amsterdam, NL, 202--209, August
-)},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {cbir}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SRP1995,
-	  author = {Serguei Startchik and Christian Rauber and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Recognition of planar objects over complex backgrounds using line
-		invariants and relevance measures},
-	  booktitle = {GMICV'95, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geometric
-		Modelling and Invariance for Computer Vision, Xi'an, China},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  editor = {R. Mohr and W. Chengke},
-	  pages = {301--306},
-	  month = {April},
-	  publisher = {Xidian University Press},
-	  url = {ftp://cui.unige.ch/PUBLIC/vision/papers/startchi/95.04.GMICV.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ste1998,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {St{\'e}phane Stepien},
-	  title = {R\'eseau d'oscillateurs neuronaux pour la segmentation d'images},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {April},
-	  year = {1998}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:SVP2001,
-	  author = {A. Synyavskyy and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and I. Prudyus},
-	  title = {Wavelet-Based {MAP} Image Denoising Using Provably Better Class of
-		Stochastic I.I.D. Image Models},
-	  journal = {Facta Universitatis (Nis)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {14},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/SynyavskyyVoloshynovskiyPrudyus_FU2001.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/SynyavskyyVoloshynovskiyPrudyus_FU2001.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Tat1995,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Moni Tat},
-	  title = {D\'efinition d'une interface homme-machine pour un robot industriel
-		({G}estion d'un bras manipulateur)},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {January},
-	  year = {1995}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{BMI:IM22003:BMI,
-	  author = {BMI Team},
-	  title = {Brain machine interfaces},
-	  booktitle = {NCCR (IM)2 Interactive Multimodal Information Management Workshop},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {bmi},
-	  address = {Martigny / Crans-Montana, Switzerland},
-	  month = {October 6--8}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Topak:SPIE2006:GA,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and M.
-		E. Haroutunian and J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {E-capacity analysis of data-hiding channels with geometrical attacks},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Electronic Imaging 2006, Security, Steganography,
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII (EI121)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15-19},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalHaroutunianVilaPun_SPIE06_Ecap.ps}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Topak:SPIE2005,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and M.K.
-		Mihcak and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Security analysis of robust data hiding with geometrically structured
-		codebooks},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2005, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII (EI120)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 16-20},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/spie_topak_voloshynovskiy_koval.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/spie_topak_voloshynovskiy_koval.ps},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalMihcakPun_SPIE2005.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Topak:2005:ACM,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and M.
-		Kivanc Mihcak and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Towards geometrically robust data-hiding with structured codebooks},
-	  journal = {{ACM} Multimedia Systems Journal, Special Issue on Multimedia and
-		Security},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  volume = {11},
-	  pages = {121--132},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {2},
-	  month = {December},
-	  note = {published online at http://www.springerlink.com/media/b0cyhc8uyk4jph8ugt33/contributions/f/4/3/9/f4392u5p824845t5.pdf},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalMihcakPun_ACM2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{ETopak:EUSIPCO2005,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Achievable Rate Analysis of Geometrically Robust Data-Hiding Codes
-		In Asymptotic Set-ups},
-	  booktitle = {{EUSIPCO} 2005, 13th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Antalya, Turkey},
-	  month = {September 4-8},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_EUSIPCO2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:EUSIPCO2004,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Capacity analysis of periodical watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {EUSIPCO-2004, 12th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Vienna, Austria},
-	  month = {September 6-10},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_EUSIPCO2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:WIAMIS2005,
-	  author = {Emre Topak and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and J.
-		E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {On Security of Geometrically-Robust Data-Hiding},
-	  booktitle = {WIAMIS 2005, 6th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia
-		Interactive Services},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Montreux, Switzerland},
-	  month = {April 13-15},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/TopakVoloshynovskiyKovalForcenPun_WIAMIS2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:TUP1992,
-	  author = {B. L. Trus and M. Unser and Thierry Pun and A. C. Steven},
-	  title = {Digital image processing of electron micrographs: the {PIC} {S}ystem
-		{II}},
-	  journal = {Journal of Scanning Microscopy, Scanning Microscopy Supplement 6},
-	  year = {1992},
-	  pages = {441--451},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  note = {(published 1994)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:TUP1991,
-	  author = {B. L. Trus and M. Unser and Thierry Pun and A. C. Steven},
-	  title = {Digital Image Processing of Electron Micrographs: {T}he {PIC} System
-		{II}},
-	  booktitle = {10th Pfefferkorn Conference on Signal and Image Processing in Microscopy
-		and Microanalysis, Pembroke College, Cambridge, UK},
-	  year = {1991},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {September}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:Tsc1996,
-	  author = {P. F. Tschudin},
-	  title = {{DOCSCAN} und {KRYPICT}: zwei Basisprojekte der historischen Disziplinen},
-	  booktitle = {23rd. International Congress of the International Association of
-		Paper Historians ({IPH})},
-	  year = {1996},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  address = {Leipzig},
-	  month = {August}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:UEP1987,
-	  author = {M. Unser and J. R. Ellis and Thierry Pun and M. Eden},
-	  title = {Optimal background estimation in {EELS}},
-	  journal = {Journal of Microscopy},
-	  year = {1987},
-	  volume = {145},
-	  pages = {245--256},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  number = {3},
-	  month = {March}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Ves1991,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Thierry Vessereau},
-	  title = {Extraction et repr\'esentation d'information iconique: application
-		\`a la caract\'erisation de la couleur intrins\`eque des objets},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {October},
-	  year = {1991}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SPIE2004a,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Oleksiy Koval and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Distributed single source coding with side information},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2004, Image
-		Processing},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 18-22},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/VilaKovalVoloshynovskiy_SPIE2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:MMSP2004,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and F. Perez-gonzalez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Worst Case Additive Attack against Quantization-Based Watermarking
-		Techniques},
-	  booktitle = {IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Siena, Italy},
-	  month = {September 29 - October 1},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_MMSP2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Vila:2004:EURASIP,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Facial Image Compression Based on Structured Codebooks in Overcomplete
-		Domain},
-	  journal = {{EURASIP} Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Frames and overcomplete
-		representations in signal processing, communications, and information
-		theory special issue},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {2006},
-	  pages = {1--11},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {Article {ID} 69042},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaKovalVoloshynovskiyPun_JASPcompression_final.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:2005:ICIP,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asymmetric spread spectrum data-hiding for Laplacian host data},
-	  booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Image Processing},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Genova, Italy},
-	  month = {11-14 September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_ICIP2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:SPIE2005,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and F. P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Worst case additive attack against quantization-based data-hiding
-		methods},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE} Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2005, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents {VII (EI120)}},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 16-20},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPerezGonzalezPun_SPIE2005.pdf},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPerezGonzalezPun_SPIE2005.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:2005:IWDW,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and F. P{\'e}rez-Gon{\'a}lez and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Practical Data-Hiding: Additive Attacks Performance Analysis},
-	  booktitle = {International Workshop on Digital Watermarking},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {LNCS 3710},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {244--259},
-	  address = {Siena, Italy},
-	  month = {September 15-17},
-	  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
-	  note = {Invited tutorial},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPerezGonzalezPun_IWDW2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Vila:SP2005,
-	  author = {J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and F. P{\'e}rez-Gon{\'a}lez
-		and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Quantization-Based Methods: Additive Attacks Performance Analysis},
-	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  note = {(submitted)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:ICASSP2006:CPUCA,
-	  author = {J. E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Costa problem under channel ambiguity},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
-		and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Toulouse, France},
-	  month = {May 14-19},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_ICASSP06_CPUCA.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:SPIE2006:UDQ,
-	  author = {J. E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Performance analysis of non-uniform quantization-based data-hiding},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2006, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII (EI121)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15-19},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE06_UDQ.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Vila:SPIE2006:ADH,
-	  author = {J. E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Emre Topak and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Asymmetrically informed data-hiding optimization of achievable rate
-		for Laplacian host},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2006, Security,Steganography,
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII (EI121)},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15-19},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VilaVoloshynovskiyKovalTopakPun_SPIE06_Asym.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Villan:IFIP2005,
-	  author = {R. Vill{\'a}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Y. Rytsar and Oleksiy Koval and Emre Topak and E.
-		Rivera and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A Theoretical Framework for Data-Hiding in Digital and Printed Text
-		Documents},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 9th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 International Conference on Communications
-		and Multimedia Security},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {LNCS 3677},
-	  pages = {280--281},
-	  address = {Salzburg, Austria},
-	  month = {September 19--21},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyDeguillaumeRytsarKovalTopakRiveraPun_CMS2005.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyDeguillaumeRytsarKovalTopakRiveraPun_CMS2005.ps.gz},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyDeguillaumeRytsarKovalTopakRiveraPun_CMS2005.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Villan:SPIE2007:RH,
-	  author = {Renato Vill{\'a}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Tamper-proofing of Electronic and Printed Text Documents via Robust
-		Hashing and Data-Hiding},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE-IS{\&}T} Electronic Imaging 2007, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {28 Jan. -- 1 Feb.},
-	  abstract = {In this paper, we deal with the problem of authentication and tamper-proofing
-		of text documents that can be distributed in electronic or printed
-		forms. We advocate the combination of robust text hashing and text
-		data-hiding technologies as an efficient solution to this problem.
-		First, we consider the problem of text data-hiding in the scope of
-		the Gel'fand-Pinsker data-hiding framework. For illustration, two
-		modern text data-hiding methods, namely color index modulation (CIM)
-		and location index modulation (LIM), are explained. Second, we study
-		two approaches to robust text hashing that are well suited for the
-		considered problem. In particular, both approaches are compatible
-		with CIM and LIM. The first approach makes use of optical character
-		recognition (OCR) and a classical cryptographic message authentication
-		code (MAC). The second approach is new and can be used in some scenarios
-		where OCR does not produce consistent results. The experimental work
-		compares both approaches and shows their robustness against typical
-		intentional/unintentional document distortions including electronic
-		format conversion, printing, scanning, photocopying, and faxing.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/SPIE-EI-2007-Robust-Hashing-paper.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/SPIE-EI-2007-Robust-Hashing-paper.ps.gz},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2007/SPIE-EI-2007-Robust-Hashing-presentation.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Villan:TIFS2006,
-	  author = {Renato Vill{\'a}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Multilevel 2D Bar Codes: Towards High Capacity Storage Modules for
-		Multimedia Security and Management},
-	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {1},
-	  pages = {405--420},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {4},
-	  month = {December},
-	  abstract = {In this paper, we deal with the design of high-rate multilevel two-dimensional
-		(2D) bar codes for the print-and-scan channel. Firstly, we introduce
-		a framework for evaluating the performance limits of these codes
-		by studying an inter-symbol interference (ISI) free, synchronous,
-		and noiseless print-and-scan channel, where the input and output
-		alphabets are finite and the printer device uses halftoning to simulate
-		multiple gray levels. Secondly, we present a new model for the print-and-scan
-		channel specifically adapted to the problem of communications via
-		multilevel 2D bar codes. This model, inspired by our experimental
-		work, assumes no ISI and perfect synchronization, but independence
-		between the channel input and the noise is not supposed. We adapt
-		the theory of multilevel coding with multistage decoding (MLC/MSD)
-		to the print-and-scan channel. Finally, we present experimental results
-		confirming the utility of our channel model, and showing that multilevel
-D bar codes using MLC/MSD can reliably achieve the high capacity
-		storage requirements of many multimedia security and management applications.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/TIFS-multilevel-2D-barcodes.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/TIFS-multilevel-2D-barcodes.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Villan:SPIE2005,
-	  author = {Renato Vill{\'a}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Multilevel 2D Bar Codes: Towards High Capacity Storage Modules for
-		Multimedia Security and Management},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE-IS{\&}T} Electronic Imaging 2005, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {5681},
-	  pages = {453--464},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 16--20},
-	  abstract = {In this paper, we deal with the design of high-rate multilevel two-dimensional
-		(2D) bar codes for the print-and-scan channel. Firstly, we derive
-		an upper bound on the maximum achievable rate of these codes by studying
-		an inter-symbol interference (ISI) free, perfectly synchronized,
-		and noiseless print-and-scan channel, in which the printer device
-		uses halftoning to simulate multiple gray levels. Secondly, we briefly
-		review three state-of-the-art coded modulation techniques for the
-		additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN) in the high signal-to-noise
-		(SNR) ratio regime, namely, multilevel coding with multistage decoding
-		(MLC/MSD), multilevel coding with parallel independent decoding (MLC/PID),
-		and bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). Thirdly, we present
-		a new model of the print-and-scan channel specifically adapted to
-		the multilevel 2D bar code application. This model, inspired by our
-		experimental work, assumes no ISI and perfect synchronization, but
-		independence between the channel input and the noise is not supposed.
-		We study the problem of finding the information capacity of our channel
-		model and extend the theory of MLC/MSD to this type of channels.
-		Finally, we present experimental results confirming the validity
-		of our channel model, and showing that multilevel 2D bar codes using
-		MLC/MSD can reliably achieve the high-rate storage requirements of
-		many multimedia security and data management applications.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE2005.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE2005.ps.gz},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VillanVoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE2005.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Villan:SPIE2006:TE,
-	  author = {R. Vill{\'a}n and Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and
-		J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Emre Topak and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume
-		and Y. Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Text Data-Hiding for Digital and Printed Documents: Theoretical and
-		Practical Considerations},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE-IS{\&}T} Electronic Imaging 2006, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15--19},
-	  abstract = {In this paper, we propose a new theoretical framework for the data-hiding
-		problem of digital and printed text documents. We explain how this
-		problem can be seen as an instance of the well-known Gel'fand-Pinsker
-		problem. The main idea for this interpretation is to consider a text
-		character as a data structure consisting of multiple quantifiable
-		features such as shape, position, orientation, size, color, etc.
-		We also introduce color quantization, a new semi-fragile text data-hiding
-		method that is fully automatable, has high information embedding
-		rate, and can be applied to both digital and printed text documents.
-		The main idea of this method is to quantize the color or luminance
-		intensity of each character in such a manner that the human visual
-		system is not able to distinguish between the original and quantized
-		characters, but it can be easily performed by a specialized reader
-		machine. We also describe halftone quantization, a related method
-		that applies mainly to printed text documents. Since these methods
-		may not be completely robust to printing and scanning, an outer coding
-		layer is proposed to solve this issue. Finally, we describe a practical
-		implementation of the color quantization method and present experimental
-		results for comparison with other existing methods.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/SPIE-EI-2006-Text-Data-Hiding-paper.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/SPIE-EI-2006-Text-Data-Hiding-paper.ps.gz},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/SPIE-EI-2006-Text-Data-Hiding-presentation.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{Svolos:KAIST2002:RDW,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy},
-	  title = {Robust digital watermarking: state-of-the-art and benchmarking},
-	  howpublished = {KAIST and ETRI seminar) - (Invited lecture)},
-	  month = {February},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  note = {Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:VAH2000,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and A. Allen and Z. Hrytskiv},
-	  title = {Robust edge-preserving image restoration in the presence of non-Gaussian
-		noise},
-	  journal = {Electronics Letters},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  note = {(accepted)}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Svolos:VG:ImageGraphics,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume and Oleksiy
-		Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-theoretic data-hiding: Recent achievements and open problems},
-	  journal = {International Journal of Image and Graphics},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  volume = {5},
-	  pages = {1--31},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {1},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VoloshynovskiyDeuillaumeKovalPun_ImageGraphics2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:TELSIKS2003,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Oleksiy
-		Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-Theoretic Data-Hiding for Public Network Security, Services
-		Control and Secure Communications},
-	  booktitle = {6th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite,
-		Cable and Broadcasting Services (TELSIKS) 2003},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Nis, Yugoslavia},
-	  month = {October 1-4},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Voloshynovskiy-Deguillaume-Koval-Pun_Telsisks2003_03.07.07_Web.ps},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/Voloshynovskiy-Deguillaume-Koval-Pun_Telsisks2003_03.07.07_Web.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:VDKP2003b,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Oleksiy
-		Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = { Robust digital watermarking with channel state estimation: part
-		I Approaching theoretical capacity },
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  note = {submitted},
-	  url = { },
-	  url1 = { }
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:VDKP2003c,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Oleksiy
-		Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = { Robust digital watermarking with channel state estimation: part
-		II Applied robust watermarking},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  note = {submitted},
-	  url = { },
-	  url1 = { }
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:VDPHP2000,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = { Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Shelby
-		Pereira and Alexander Herrigel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = { Method for adaptive digital watermarking robust against geometric
-		transforms },
-	  howpublished = { European Patent Application PCT/IB00/01089},
-	  month = {filed August 3, 2000},
-	  year = {2000}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VDP2001,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Shelby
-		Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Optimal adaptive diversity watermarking with channel state estimation},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2001, Security and Watermarking
-		of Multimedia Contents III},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {paper 4314-74},
-	  address = {San Jose, CA, USA},
-	  month = {January 21-26},
-	  note = {. W. Wong, E. J. Delp, Eds.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePereiraPun_spie2001.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePereiraPun_spie2001.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VDP2001a,
-	  author = {Svyatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Multibit Digital Watermarking Robust Against Local Nonlinear Geometrical
-		Distortions},
-	  booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Image Processing, {ICIP2001}},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  pages = {999--1002},
-	  address = {Thessaloniki, Greece},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents an efficient method for the estimation and recovering
-		from nonlinear or local geometrical distortions, such as the random
-		bending attack and restricted projective transforms. The distortions
-		are modeled as a set of local affine transforms, the watermark being
-		repeatedly allocated into small blocks in order to ensure its locality.
-		The estimation of the affine transform parameters is formulated as
-		a robust penalized Maximum Likelihood (ML) problem, which is suitable
-		for the local level as well as for global distortions. Results with
-		the Stirmark benchmark confirm the high robustness of the proposed
-		method and show its state-of-the-art performance.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePun_ICIP2001.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePun_ICIP2001.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:VDP2001b,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Method for Digital Watermarking Robust Against Local and Global Geometrical
-		Distortions and Projective Transforms},
-	  howpublished = {U.S. Patent Application},
-	  year = {2001}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VDP2000,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Deguillaume and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Content adaptive watermarking based on a stochastic multiresolution
-		image modeling},
-	  booktitle = {Tenth European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO'2000)},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Tampere, Finland},
-	  month = {sep 5--8},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePun_es2000.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VoloshynovskiyDeguillaumePun_es2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{Svolos:TCW2002:RWIA,
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel},
-	  title = { Robustness of Watermarks and Intentional Attacks },
-	  howpublished = { TCW Workshop on Digital Watermarking and Digital Rights Management)
-		- (Invited presentation)},
-	  month = {September},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  note = { Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, Germany }
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VHB1999,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel and Nazanin Baumg{\"a}rtner
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A stochastic approach to content adaptive digital image watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {International Workshop on Information Hiding},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {LNCS 1768},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {212--236},
-	  address = {Dresden, Germany},
-	  month = {29~September~--1~October},
-	  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
-	  abstract = {This paper presents a new stochastic approach which can be applied
-		with different watermark techniques. The approach is based on the
-		computation of a Noise Visibility Function (NVF) that characterizes
-		the local image properties, identifying textured and edge regions
-		where the mark should be more strongly embedded. We present precise
-		formulas for the NVF which enable a fast computation during the watermark
-		encoding and decoding process. In order to determine the optimal
-		NVF, we first consider the watermark as noise. Using a classical
-		MAP image denoising approach, we show how to estimate the ``noise''.
-		This leads to a general formulation for a texture masking function,
-		that allows us to determine the optimal watermark locations and strength
-		for the watermark embedding stage. We examine two such NVFs, based
-		on either a non-stationary Gaussian model of the image, or a stationary
-		Generalized Gaussian model. We show that the problem of the watermark
-		estimation is equivalent to image denoising and derive content adaptive
-		criteria. Results show that watermark visibility is noticeably decreased,
-		while at the same time enhancing the energy of the watermark.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VoloshynovskiyHerrigelBaumgaertnerPun_wih99.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VoloshynovskiyHerrigelBaumgaertnerPun_wih99.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VHJ1999,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric
-		Jordan and Nazanin Baumg{\"a}rtner and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {A noise removal attack for watermarked images},
-	  booktitle = {Multimedia and Security Workshop},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {J. Dittmann and K. Nahrstedt and P. Wohlmacher},
-	  address = {Orlando, Florida, USA},
-	  month = {30--31~October},
-	  note = {(at the 7th ACM Multimedia Conference (Multimedia 99))}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VHP2001,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Blur/deblur attack against document protection systems based on digital
-		watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {Information Hiding Workshop},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
-	  month = {apr},
-	  abstract = {A growing concern emerges regarding the possibility of coun- terfeiting
-		currencies using digital imaging technologies. In order to help developing
-		resistance against this new type of fraud, this paper presents possible
-		attacking scenarios against supposedly sophisticated document protection
-		systems based on digital watermarking. These new attacks, which would
-		allow even an average counterfeiter to reproduce banknotes or passports
-		created using systems with built-in watermark detector.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyHerrigelPun_ihw2001.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyHerrigelPun_ihw2001.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VHRP2002,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Alexander Herrigel and Yuriy Rytsar
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {{StegoWall}: Blind Statistical Detection of Hidden Data},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE} Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2002, Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents {IV}},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {E.J. Delp and P. W. Wong},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/VoloshynovskiyHerrigelRytsarPun_SPIE2002.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Koval:IWMSP:2007b,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Fokko Beekhof and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Robust perceptual hashing as classification problem: decision-theoretic
-		and practical considerations},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 2007 International Workshop on Multimedia
-		Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2007},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Chania, Crete, Greece},
-	  month = {October 1--3}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Voloshynovskiy:NATO2005,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Multimedia Security: open problems and solutions},
-	  booktitle = {In Proceedings of NATO - Advanced Study Institute: Securitty Through
-		Science Program, Nork, Yerevan, Armenia, 1-12 October, 2005},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Yerevan, Armenia},
-	  month = {October 1-12},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/Voloshynovskiy_Koval_Deguillaume_Pun_Nato_Armenia_2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:SPIE2004b,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Visual communications with side information via distributed printing
-		channels: extended multimedia and security perspectives},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2004, Multimedia
-		Processing and Applications},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 18-22},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2004/VoloshynovskiyKovalDeguillaumePun.spie.printing.2004.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VKDP2003b,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric
-		Deguillaume and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = { Data hiding capacity-security analysis for real images based on
-		stochastic non-stationary geometrical models },
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2003, Security and Watermarking
-		of Multimedia Contents V},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Santa Clara, CA, USA},
-	  month = {January 20-24},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/VoloshynovskiyKovalDeguillaumePun_SPIE2003.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/VoloshynovskiyKovalDeguillaumePun_SPIE2003.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Volosynovskiy:2005:EPC,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and M. Kivanc Mihcak
-		and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {The Edge Process Model and Its Application to Information Hiding
-		Capacity Analysis},
-	  journal = {IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  volume = {54},
-	  pages = {1813--1825},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {5},
-	  month = {May},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/ieee-edge-process.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{Voloshynovskiy:2006:CVG,
-	  vgclass = {patent},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {BRANDS PROTECTION AND PRODUCT AUTHENTICATION USING PORTABLE DEVICES},
-	  howpublished = {US Patent Application},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  note = {(pending)}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Svolos:SP2005:IDEP,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Image denoising based on the edge-process model},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  volume = {85},
-	  pages = {1950--1969},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {10},
-	  month = {October},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SP2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VKP2003a,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Wavelet-based image denoising using non-stationary stochastic geometrical
-		image priors},
-	  booktitle = {SPIE Photonics West, Electronic Imaging 2003, Image and Video Communications
-		and Processing V},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Santa Clara, CA, USA},
-	  month = {January 20-24},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/VoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE2003.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/VoloshynovskiyKovalPun_SPIE2003.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Svolos:2005:PSI,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Fernando P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez
-		and Kivanc Mihcak and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Data-hiding with host state at the encoder and partial side information
-		at the decoder},
-	  year = {2004},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  month = {June},
-	  note = {(preprint)},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VoloshynovskiyKovalPerezGonzalezMihcakPun_SP2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Svolos:EUSIPCO2005,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and F. P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez
-		and M. Kivanc Mihcak and J.E. Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Data-hiding with partially available side information},
-	  booktitle = { {EUSIPCO} 2005, 13th European Signal Processing Conference},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Antalya},
-	  month = {September 4-8},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/VoloshynovskiyKovalPerezGonzalezMihcakVilaForcenPun_EUSIPCO2005.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Voloshynovskiy:ACM2006,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Emre Topak and J.E.
-		Vila Forcen and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {On reversibility of random binning based data-hiding techniques:
-		security perspectives},
-	  booktitle = {ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop 2006},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
-	  month = {September 26-27},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/mmsec167-topak.ps}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Voloshynovskiy:WIC2006:Voloshynovskiy_wic2006,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Emre Topak and Thierry
-		Pun},
-	  title = {Message Communications And Channel State Estimation For State Dependent
-		Channels},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of 27-th Symposium on information theory in the Benelux},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Noordwijk, The Netherlands},
-	  month = { June 8-9, 2006, },
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/Voloshynovskiy_wic2006.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Voloshynovskiy:2005:RRB,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Emre Topak and J.E.
-		Vila-Forc{\'e}n and P. Comesana and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {On reversibility of random binning techniques: multimedia perspectives},
-	  booktitle = { 9th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 Conference on Communications and Multimedia
-		Security (CMS 2005)},
-	  year = {2005},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Salzburg, Austria},
-	  month = {September},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/cms2005.pdf},
-	  url1 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2005/cms2005.ps}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{Voloshynovskiy:2007:SPIE-Biometric,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and Renato~Vill{\'a}n
-		and Fokko Beekhof and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Authentication of Biometric Identification Documents via Mobile Devices},
-	  journal = {Journal of Electronic Imaging},
-          url = {http://cvml.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2008/ei2008.pdf},
-	  year = {2008},
-          note={(accepted)},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{Svolos:SPIE2006:DA,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Oleksiy Koval and R. Vill{\'a}n and
-		Emre Topak and Jose Emilio Vila-Forc{\'e}n and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Deguillaume
-		and Yuriy Rytsar and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Information-Theoretic Analysis of Electronic and Printed Document
-		Authentication},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of {SPIE-IS{\&}T} Electronic Imaging 2006, Security,
-		Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VIII},
-	  year = {2006},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {San Jose, USA},
-	  month = {January 15--19},
-	  abstract = {In this paper we consider the problem of document authentication in
-		electronic and printed forms. We formulate this problem from the
-		information-theoretic perspectives and present the joint source-channel
-		coding theorems showing the performance limits in such protocols.
-		We analyze the security of document authentication methods and present
-		the optimal attacking strategies with corresponding complexity estimates
-		that, contrarily to the existing studies, crucially rely on the information
-		leaked by the authentication protocol. Finally, we present the results
-		of experimental validation of the developed concept that justifies
-		the practical efficiency of the elaborated framework.},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/VoloshynovskiyKovalVillanTopakVilaDeguillaumeRytsarPun_SPIE06_AuthTextDoc.pdf},
-	  url2 = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2006/SPIE-EI-2006-Text-Authentication-presentation.ppt.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VPH2000,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby Pereira and Alexander Herrigel
-		and Nazanin Baumg{\"a}rtner and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Generalized watermark attack based on watermark estimation and perceptual
-		remodulation},
-	  booktitle = {IS\&T/SPIE's 12th Annual Symposium, Electronic Imaging 2000: Security
-		and Watermarking of Multimedia Content II},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  editor = {Wah Wong, Ping and Edward J. Delp},
-	  volume = {3971},
-	  series = {SPIE Proceedings},
-	  address = {San Jose, California USA},
-	  month = {23--28jan},
-	  note = {(Paper EI 3971-34) - <a href="Publications/postscript/2000/VoloshynovskiyPereiraHerrigelBaumgartnerPun-slides-spie2000.pdf">slides</a>},
-	  abstract = {Digital image watermarking has become a popular technique for authentication
-		and copyright protection. For verifying the security and robustness
-		of watermarking algorithms, specific attacks have to be applied to
-		test the proposed algorithms. In contrast to the known Stirmark attack,
-		which degrades the quality of the image while destroying the watermark,
-		this paper presents a new approach which is based on the estimation
-		of a watermark and the exploitation of the properties of Human Visual
-		System (HVS). The new attack satisfies two important requirements.
-		First, image quality after the attack as perceived by the HVS is
-		not worse than the quality of the stego image. Secondly, the attack
-		uses all available prior information about the watermark and cover
-		image statistics to perform the best watermark removal or damage.
-		The proposed attack is based on a stochastic formulation of the watermark
-		removal problem considering the embedded watermark as additive noise
-		with some probability distribution. The attack scheme consists of
-		two main stages: watermark estimation based a Maximum a Posteriori
-		(MAP) approach and watermark alteration through addition of the noise
-		to the filtered image taking into account the statistics of the embedded
-		watermark and exploiting HVS characteristics. Experiments on a number
-		of real world and computer generated images show the high efficiency
-		of the proposed attack against several known academic and commercial
-		methods: the watermark is completely destroyed in all tested images
-		without altering the image quality. The approach can be used against
-		watermark embedding schemes that operate either in coordinate domain,
-		or transform domains like Fourier, DCT or wavelet.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VoloshynovskiyPereiraHerrigelBaumgartnerPun_spie2000.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2000/VoloshynovskiyPereiraHerrigelBaumgartnerPun-slides-spie2000.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:VPI2001,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby Pereira and Victor Iquise and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Attack modelling: Towards a second generation benchmark},
-	  journal = {Signal Processing},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {81},
-	  pages = {1177-1214},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {6},
-	  month = {June},
-	  note = {Special Issue: Information Theoretic Issues in Digital Watermarking,
-. V. Cappellini, M. Barni, F. Bartolini, Eds.},
-	  abstract = {Digital image watermarking techniques for copyright protection have
-		become increasingly robust. The best algorithms perform well against
-		the now standard benchmark tests included in the Stirmark package.
-		However the stirmark tests are limited since in general they do not
-		properly model the watermarking process and consequently are limited
-		in their potential to removing the best watermarks. Here we propose
-		a stochastic formulation of watermarking attacks using an estimationbased
-		concept. The proposed attacks consist of two main stages: a) watermark
-		or cover data estimation; b) modification of stego data aiming at
-		disrupting the watermark detection and of resolving copyrights, taking
-		into account the statistics of the embedded watermark and exploits
-		features of human visual system. In the second part of the paper
-		we propose a "second generation benchmark". We follow the model of
-		the Stirmark benchmark and propose the 6 following categories of
-		tests: denoising attacks and wavelet compression, watermark copy
-		attack, synchronization removal, denoising/compression with following
-		perceptual remodulation, denoising and random bending. Our results
-		indicate that even though some algorithms perform well against the
-		Stirmark benchmark, almost all algorithms perform poorly against
-		our benchmark. This indicates that much work remains to be done before
-		claims about "robust" watermarks can be made. We also propose a new
-		method of evaluating image quality based on the Watson metric which
-		overcomes the limitations of the PSNR.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyPereiraIsquizPun_SP2001.ps.gz},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyPereiraIsquizPun_SP2001.pdf}
-	}
-	@TECHREPORT{VG:VPI2000,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby Pereira and Victor Iquise and
-		Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Attack Modelling: Towards a Second Generation Watermarking Benchmark},
-	  institution = {Computer Vision Group, Computing Centre, University of Geneva},
-	  year = {2000},
-	  vgclass = {report},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {00.05},
-	  address = {rue G\'en\'eral Dufour, 24, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland},
-	  month = {may},
-	  abstract = {Digital image watermarking techniques for copyright protection have
-		become increasingly robust. The best algorithms perform well against
-		the now standard benchmark tests included in the Stirmark package.
-		However the stirmark tests are limited since in general they do not
-		properly model the watermarking process and consequently are limited
-		in their potential to removing the best watermarks. Here we propose
-		a stochastic formulation of the watermark removal problem, considering
-		the embedded watermark as additive noise with some probability distribution.
-		The attack scheme consists of two main stages: a) watermark estimation
-		and partial removal by a filtering based on a Maximum a Posteriori
-		(MAP) approach; b) watermark alteration and hiding through addition
-		of noise to the filtered image, taking into account the statistics
-		of the embedded watermark and exploiting HVS characteristics. In
-		a second stage we propose a ``second generation benchmark''. We follow
-		the model of the Stirmark tests and propose the 6 following categories
-		of tests: denoising attacks, wavelet compression, denoising/compression
-		with following perceptual remodulation, template/ACF (synchronization)
-		removal, denoising and random banding, the watermark copy attack.
-		Our results indicate that even though some algorithms perform well
-		against the stirmark benchmark, all algorithms perform poorly against
-		our benchmark. This indicates that much work remains to be done before
-		claims about ``robust'' watermarks can be made. We also propose a
-		new method of evaluating image quality based on the Watson metric
-		which overcomes the limitations of PSNR.}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VPP1999,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Watermark attacks},
-	  booktitle = {Erlangen Watermarking Workshop},
-	  year = {1999},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Erlangen, Germany},
-	  month = {5--6~October},
-	  note = {(invited presentation)},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/99/VoloshynovskiyPereiraPun_eww99.pdf}
-	}
-	@ARTICLE{VG:VPP2001,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Shelby Pereira and Thierry Pun and
-		J. Eggers and J. Su},
-	  title = {Attacks on Digital Watermarks: Classification, Estimation-based Attacks
-		and Benchmarks},
-	  journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine (Special Issue on Digital watermarking
-		for copyright protection: a communications perspective)},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  volume = {39},
-	  pages = {118-127},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  number = {8},
-	  note = {M. Barni, F. Bartolini, I.J. Cox, J. Hernandez, F. P\'erez-Gonz\'alez,
-		Guest Eds. Invited paper.},
-	  abstract = {Watermarking is a potential method for protection of ownership rights
-		on digital audio, image and video data. Benchmarks are used to evaluate
-		the performance of different watermarking algorithms. For image watermarking,
-		the Stirmark package is the most popular benchmark, and the best
-		current algorithms perform well against it. However, results obtained
-		by the Stirmark benchmark have to be handled carefully since Stirmark
-		does not properly model the watermarking process and consequently
-		is limited in its potential for impairing sophisticated image watermarking
-		schemes. In this context, the goal of this article is threefold.
-		First, we give an overview of the current attacking methods. Second,
-		we describe attacks exploiting knowledge about the statistics of
-		the original data and the embedded watermark. We propose a stochastic
-		formulation of estimation-based attacks. Such attacks consist of
-		two main stages: a) watermark estimation; b) exploitation of the
-		estimated watermark to trick watermark detection or create ownership
-		ambiguity. The full strength of estimation-based attacks can be achieved
-		by introducing additional noise, where the attacker tries to combine
-		the estimated watermark and the additive noise to impair watermark
-		communication as much as possible while fulfilling a quality constraint
-		on the attacked data. With a sophisticated quality constraint it
-		is also possible to exploit human perception, e.g., the human auditory
-		system in case of audio watermarks and the human visual system (HVS)
-		in case of image and video watermarks. Third, we discuss the current
-		status of image watermarking benchmarks. We briefly present Fabien
-		Petitcolas' Stirmark benchmarking tool [1]. Next, we consider the
-		benchmark proposed by the University of Geneva Vision Group that
-		contains more deliberate attacks. Finally, we summerize the current
-		work of the European Certimark project, whose goal is to accelerate
-		efforts from a number of research groups and companies in order to
-		produce an improved ensemble of benchmarking tools.},
-	  url = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyPereiraPunEggersSun_IEEEComMag2001.pdf},
-	  url1 = { http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2001/VoloshynovskiyPereiraPunEggersSun_IEEEComMag2001.ps.gz}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VP2002,
-	  author = { Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Capacity-security analysis of data hiding technologies},
-	  booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo
-		(ICME2002)},
-	  year = {2002},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
-	  month = {August 26-29},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2002/VoloshynovskiyPun_ICME2002.pdf}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:VoP2001,
-	  author = {Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy and Thierry Pun},
-	  title = {Stochastic Digital Image Watermarking},
-	  booktitle = {{IEEE/ISSPA} {ISSPA} 2001, 6th Int. Symposium on Signal Processing
-		and its Applications},
-	  year = {2001},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  address = {Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia},
-	  note = {Thierry Pun, invited plenary lecture}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Wal1993,
-	  vgclass = {licence},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Daniel Walther},
-	  title = {R\'ealisation d'un logiciel d'analyse quantitative d'images bas\'e
-		sur la morphologie math\'ematique},
-	  howpublished = {Licence thesis (B.Sc.), University of Geneva},
-	  month = {January},
-	  year = {1993}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:WPR1988,
-	  author = {D. Weber and Thierry Pun and C. Roch and C. Rosu and Christian Pellegrini},
-	  title = {{M}\'elanie: {M}edical {E}lectrophoresis {A}nalysis, {I}nteractive
-		{E}xpert {S}ystem},
-	  booktitle = {{SGAICO} - Swiss Group of {AI} and Cognitive Sciences Annual Conference
-		on Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, Assembly, and Robotics,
-		Bern},
-	  year = {1988},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {October}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:OTM03,
-	  author = {Y.Rytsar and S.Voloshynovskiy and T.Pun},
-	  title = {Metadata Representation for Semantic-Based Multimedia Security and
-		Management},
-	  booktitle = {On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2003: OTM 2003 Workshops},
-	  year = {2003},
-	  vgclass = {refpap},
-	  vgproject = {watermarking},
-	  volume = {2889 / 2003},
-	  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
-	  pages = {769--778},
-	  address = {Catania, Italy},
-	  month = {November},
-	  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
-	  url = {http://vision.unige.ch/publications/postscript/2003/WMS2003_MetadataRepresentationForSemanticBasedMultiMediaSecurityAndManagement.pdf}
-	}
-	@MISC{VG:Zan1994,
-	  vgclass = {diploma},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  author = {Sandra Zanella},
-	  title = {Outils de segmentation et de mesure du volume pour l'analyse d'images
-		m\'edicales multimodalit\'e},
-	  howpublished = {Diploma thesis, University of Geneva},
-	  month = {June},
-	  year = {1994},
-	  note = {(Travail r\'ealis\'e \`a l'Unit\'e d'imagerie num\'erique, H\^opital
-		cantonal universitaire, Y. Ligier, O. Ratib)}
-	}
-	@INPROCEEDINGS{VG:ZBN1995,
-	  author = {T. Zimmerman and C. Baur and E. Natonek and Thierry Pun and Marc
-		Lefebvre},
-	  title = {The {P}otato {O}peration: robotics apparatus using active vision
-		for automatic potato pulp sampling},
-	  booktitle = {4th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Artficial
-		Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
-		Montreux, Switzerland},
-	  year = {1995},
-	  vgclass = {fullconf},
-	  vgproject = {unspecified},
-	  month = {February}
-	}